Using detailed data on veterinary, ecological, sanitary, phytosanitary and mandatory certification measures, this paper studies the effect of non-tariff measures (NTMs) on firm productivity in the food-processing industry through forward and backward linkages. Using quantity and value of output at product level, we calculate and compare quantity- and revenue-based measures of total factor productivity (TFP). Exploiting the episode of NTM liberalisation in Ukraine in 2008–2012, we find that NTMs on intermediate inputs have a negative effect on quantity-based TFP. Other trade policy variables, including input tariffs and output NTMs also negatively influence productivity. The effect on the revenue-based TFP is weaker due to price and quality adjustments. Interacting changes in input NTMs with import intensity prior to trade liberalisation, we find that firms that used imported inputs more intensively tend to have lower long-run TFP growth.

中文翻译：

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乌克兰食品加工企业的非关税措施和生产力

本文利用有关兽医、生态、卫生、植物检疫和强制性认证措施的详细数据，研究了非关税措施 (NTM) 通过前向和后向联系对食品加工业企业生产力的影响。我们使用产品层面的产出数量和价值，计算和比较基于数量和收入的全要素生产率 (TFP) 指标。利用 2008-2012 年乌克兰 NTM 自由化的事件，我们发现中间投入的 NTM 对基于数量的 TFP 有负面影响。其他贸易政策变量，包括输入关税和输出非关税措施也对生产力产生负面影响。由于价格和质量调整，对基于收入的 TFP 的影响较弱。贸易自由化之前输入非关税措施的变化与进口强度的相互作用，