Magnetic fields can play a major role in the dynamics of outstanding explosions associated to violent events such as gamma-ray bursts and hypernovae, since they provide a natural mechanism to harness the rotational energy of the central proto-neutron star and power relativistic jets through the stellar progenitor. As the structure of such fields is quite uncertain, most numerical models of MHD-driven core-collapse supernovae consider an aligned dipole as initial magnetic field, while the field’s morphology can actually be much more complex. We present three-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae with more realistic magnetic structures, such as quadrupolar fields and, for the first time, an equatorial dipolar field. Configurations other than an aligned dipole produce weaker explosions and less collimated outflows, but can at the same time be more efficient in extracting the rotational energy from the PNS. This energy is then stored in the surroundings of the PNS, rather than powering the polar jets. A significant axial dipolar component is also produced by models starting with a quadrupolar field, pointing to an effective dynamo mechanism operating in proximity of the PNS surface.

中文翻译：

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具有复杂磁结构的三维核坍缩超新星——I. 爆炸动力学

磁场可以在与伽马射线爆发和超新星等剧烈事件相关的突出爆炸的动力学中发挥重要作用，因为它们提供了一种自然机制来利用中央原中子星的旋转能量并通过恒星祖先。由于此类场的结构非常不确定，大多数 MHD 驱动的核心坍缩超新星数值模型都将对齐的偶极子视为初始磁场，而场的形态实际上可能要复杂得多。我们提出了具有更真实磁结构的核心坍缩超新星的 3D 模拟，例如四极场和首次赤道偶极场。对齐偶极子以外的配置会产生较弱的爆炸和较少的准直流出，但同时可以更有效地从 PNS 中提取旋转能量。然后，这种能量被储存在 PNS 的周围，而不是为极地喷流提供动力。一个重要的轴向偶极分量也由从四极场开始的模型产生，指向在 PNS 表面附近运行的有效发电机机构。