Historically, ‘epigenetics’ has referred to chemical modifications made to DNA that regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequence. These modifications are mitotically heritable and are passed from parent cell to daughter cell. The definition of epigenetics has expanded to include not only modifications made to DNA but also post-translational modifications to histones and chromatin structure.

中文翻译：

---

论文征集：人类和动物模型生殖的表观遗传调控

从历史上看，“表观遗传学”指的是对 DNA 进行的化学修饰，可以在不改变 DNA 序列的情况下调节基因表达。这些修饰是有丝分裂可遗传的，并从亲代细胞传给子代细胞。表观遗传学的定义已经扩大到不仅包括对 DNA 的修饰，还包括对组蛋白和染色质结构的翻译后修饰。