Aspergillus section Fumigati is reported in up to 99% of aspergillosis cases in penguins. So far, no data regarding molecular epidemiology and azole resistance are available for A. fumigatus isolates collected from Magellanic penguins. The aim of this work was to perform molecular identification of Aspergillus section Fumigati at species level, to genotype those isolates using microsatellite markers, to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility patterns of A. fumigatus sensu stricto, and to characterize the cyp51A gene in clinical A. fumigatus strains isolated from Magellanic penguins with proven aspergillosis. All 34 isolates included in the study were identified as A. fumigatus sensu stricto. Analyzing the genetic diversity of the isolates of A. fumigatus sensu stricto, we identified two possible outbreaks in the rehabilitation center and we also observed the maintenance of clonal strains through the years. One A. fumigatus sensu stricto isolate was resistant to posaconazole, but the mutations found in the cyp51A gene of this isolate have not been described as conferring phenotypic resistance, suggesting that other mechanisms of resistance could be involved in the resistance of this isolate. With this study, we were able to understand the molecular diversity of Aspergillus fumigatus isolates collected from Magellanic penguins, to characterize them and to associate them with the described global population of Aspergillus fumigatus.

中文翻译：

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麦哲伦企鹅曲霉病的分子流行病学和临床分离株的易感模式

据报道，多达 99% 的企鹅曲霉菌病病例中都存在曲霉菌部分 Fumigati。到目前为止，没有关于从麦哲伦企鹅中采集的烟曲霉分离株的分子流行病学和唑类耐药性的数据。这项工作的目的是在物种水平上对烟曲霉切片进行分子鉴定，使用微卫星标记对这些分离株进行基因分型，评估严格烟曲霉的体外易感性模式，并表征临床曲霉中的 cyp51A 基因。从麦哲伦企鹅中分离出的烟曲霉菌株已被证实患有曲霉病。研究中包括的所有 34 株分离株均被鉴定为 A. fumigatus sensu stricto。分析 A. fumigatus sensu stricto 分离株的遗传多样性，我们在康复中心发现了两次可能的爆发，并且我们还观察了这些年来克隆菌株的维持情况。一种狭义烟曲霉分离物对泊沙康唑具有抗性，但在该分离物的 cyp51A 基因中发现的突变尚未被描述为赋予表型抗性，这表明其他抗性机制可能与该分离物的抗性有关。通过这项研究，我们能够了解从麦哲伦企鹅中收集的烟曲霉分离物的分子多样性，对其进行表征并将它们与所描述的全球烟曲霉种群相关联。但在该分离株的 cyp51A 基因中发现的突变尚未被描述为赋予表型抗性，这表明其他抗性机制可能与该分离株的抗性有关。通过这项研究，我们能够了解从麦哲伦企鹅中收集的烟曲霉分离物的分子多样性，对其进行表征并将它们与所描述的全球烟曲霉种群相关联。但在该分离株的 cyp51A 基因中发现的突变尚未被描述为赋予表型抗性，这表明其他抗性机制可能与该分离株的抗性有关。通过这项研究，我们能够了解从麦哲伦企鹅中收集的烟曲霉分离物的分子多样性，对其进行表征并将它们与所描述的全球烟曲霉种群相关联。