In order to achieve the required properties of titanium implants, more resources and research are needed to turn into reality the dream of developing the perfect implant material. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of the Laser Directed Energy Deposition to produce biomedical Ti-Nb and Ti-Zr-Nb alloys from elemental powders (Ti, Nb and Zr). The Laser Directed Energy Deposition is an additive manufacturing process used to build a component by delivering energy and material simultaneously. The material is supplied in the form of particles or wire and a laser beam is employed to melt material that is selectively deposited on a specified surface, where it solidifies. Samples with different compositions are characterized to analyze their morphology, microstructure, constituent phases, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility. Laser-deposited Ti-Nb and Ti-Zr-Nb alloys show no relevant defects, such as pores or cracks. Titanium alloys with lower elastic modulus and a significantly higher hardness than Ti grade 2 were generated, therefore a better wear resistance could be expected from them. Moreover, their corrosion resistance is excellent due to the formation of a stable passive protective oxide film on the surface of the material; in addition, they also possess outstanding cytocompatibility.

中文翻译：

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从元素粉末原位激光定向能量沉积生物医学 Ti-Nb 和 Ti-Zr-Nb 合金

为了实现钛种植体所需的性能，需要更多的资源和研究来实现开发完美种植体材料的梦想。本研究的目的是评估激光定向能量沉积从元素粉末（Ti、Nb 和 Zr）生产生物医学 Ti-Nb 和 Ti-Zr-Nb 合金的可行性。激光定向能量沉积是一种增材制造工艺，用于通过同时提供能量和材料来构建组件。材料以颗粒或线的形式供应，激光束用于熔化材料，材料选择性地沉积在指定的表面上，并在那里凝固。对不同成分的样品进行表征，分析其形态、微观结构、组成相、力学性能、耐腐蚀性和细胞相容性。激光沉积的 Ti-Nb 和 Ti-Zr-Nb 合金没有显示相关缺陷，例如气孔或裂纹。钛合金的弹性模量较低，硬度明显高于 Ti 2 级，因此可以预期它们具有更好的耐磨性。此外，由于在材料表面形成了稳定的钝化保护氧化膜，因此它们的耐腐蚀性能极佳；此外，它们还具有出色的细胞相容性。由于在材料表面形成了稳定的钝化保护氧化膜，它们的耐腐蚀性能极佳；此外，它们还具有出色的细胞相容性。由于在材料表面形成了稳定的钝化保护氧化膜，它们的耐腐蚀性能极佳；此外，它们还具有出色的细胞相容性。