Developing a cost-effective, stable, and recyclable adsorbent with high adsorption capacity and rapid adsorption kinetics is highly demanded for water treatment but has been proven challenging. Herein, we report a one-step strategy to synthesize tough porous nanocomposite hydrogel, by introducing biochar nanoparticles and interconnected pores into a polyacrylamide hydrogel matrix as an exemplary system. The polyacrylamide hydrogel provides the overall mechanical strength to carry loads and facilitate recycling, the biochar provides adsorptive locus for high adsorption capacity, and the interconnected pores expedite solvent transport for rapid adsorption kinetics. Mechanical characterizations manifest that the porous biochar hydrogel possesses a tensile strength of 128 kPa, a stretchability of 5.9, and a toughness of 538 J m^–2. Porous structure analysis reveals that the hydrogel contains an increscent specific surface area by 441% and an augmented pore volume by 279% compared to pure polyacrylamide hydrogel. Experiments pertaining to adsorption isotherms and kinetics, with methylene blue as the model adsorbate, indicate enhanced adsorption performances. The tough hydrogel also allows facile recycling and maintains mechanical robustness after five regeneration cycles. Furthermore, biocompatibility is endorsed by cytotoxicity test. The proposed method could open an ample space for designing and synthesizing tough porous nanocomposite hydrogels for water treatment.

开发具有高吸附容量和快速吸附动力学的经济高效、稳定且可回收的吸附剂是水处理的迫切需求，但已被证明具有挑战性。在此，我们报告了一种合成坚韧多孔纳米复合水凝胶的一步策略，通过将生物炭纳米颗粒和互连孔引入聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶基质中作为示例系统。聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶提供整体机械强度以承载负载并促进回收利用，生物炭提供吸附位点以实现高吸附容量，互连的孔加速溶剂传输以实现快速吸附动力学。力学表征表明，多孔生物炭水凝胶具有 128 kPa 的拉伸强度、5.9 的拉伸性和 538  J的韧性 米^–2。多孔结构分析表明，与纯聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶相比，该水凝胶的比表面积增加了 441%，孔体积增加了 279%。关于吸附等温线和动力学的实验，以亚甲蓝作为模型吸附物，表明吸附性能增强。坚韧的水凝胶还允许轻松回收并在五个再生循环后保持机械强度。此外，生物相容性得到细胞毒性试验的认可。该方法可以为设计和合成用于水处理的坚韧多孔纳米复合水凝胶开辟广阔的空间。