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Dysregulation of the AP2M1 phosphorylation cycle by LRRK2 impairs endocytosis and leads to dopaminergic neurodegeneration
Science Signaling ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-27 , DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abg3555
Qinfang Liu 1, 2 , Judith Bautista-Gomez 3 , Daniel A Higgins 3 , Jianzhong Yu 2, 4 , Yulan Xiong 1, 2
Affiliation  

Mutations in the kinase LRRK2 and impaired endocytic trafficking are both implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Expression of the PD-associated LRRK2 mutant in mouse dopaminergic neurons was shown to disrupt clathrin-mediated endocytic trafficking. Here, we explored the molecular mechanism linking LRRK2 to endocytosis and found that LRRK2 bound to and phosphorylated the μ2 subunit of the adaptor protein AP2 (AP2M1), a core component of the clathrin-mediated endocytic machinery. Analysis of human SH-SY5Y cells and mouse neurons and tissues revealed that loss of LRRK2 abundance or kinase function resulted in decreased phosphorylation of AP2M1, which is required for the initial formation of clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). In contrast, overexpression of LRRK2 or expression of a Parkinson’s disease–associated gain-of-function mutant LRRK2 (G2019S) inhibited the uncoating of AP2M1 from CCVs at later stages and prevented new cycles of CCV formation. Thus, the abundance and activity of LRRK2 must be calibrated to ensure proper endocytosis. Dysregulated phosphorylation of AP2M1 from the brain but not thyroid tissues of LRRK2 knockout and G2019S-knockin mice suggests a tissue-specific regulatory mechanism of endocytosis. Furthermore, we found that LRRK2-dependent phosphorylation of AP2M1 mediated dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of PD. Together, our findings provide a mechanistic link between LRRK2, AP2, and endocytosis in the pathogenesis of PD.



中文翻译:

LRRK2 对 AP2M1 磷酸化周期的失调会损害内吞作用并导致多巴胺能神经变性

激酶 LRRK2 的突变和内吞转运受损都与帕金森病 (PD) 的发病机制有关。PD 相关 LRRK2 突变体在小鼠多巴胺能神经元中的表达被证明会破坏网格蛋白介导的内吞转运。在这里,我们探索了将 LRRK2 与内吞作用联系起来的分子机制,发现 LRRK2 与衔接蛋白 AP2 (AP2M1) 的 μ2 亚基结合并磷酸化,AP2M1 是网格蛋白介导的内吞机制的核心成分。对人类 SH-SY5Y 细胞和小鼠神经元和组织的分析表明,LRRK2 丰度或激酶功能的丧失导致 AP2M1 的磷酸化降低,这是网格蛋白包被囊泡 (CCV) 初始形成所必需的。相比之下,LRRK2 的过表达或帕金森病相关功能获得性突变 LRRK2 (G2019S) 的表达抑制了 AP2M1 在后期从 CCV 脱壳并阻止了新的 CCV 形成周期。因此,必须校准 LRRK2 的丰度和活性以确保适当的内吞作用。LRRK2 敲除小鼠和 G2019S 敲除小鼠大脑中 AP2M1 的磷酸化异常,但甲状腺组织中的磷酸化不正常表明内吞作用的组织特异性调节机制。此外,我们发现 LRRK2 依赖性 AP2M1 磷酸化介导多巴胺能神经变性 LRRK2 敲除小鼠和 G2019S 敲除小鼠大脑中 AP2M1 的磷酸化异常,但甲状腺组织中的磷酸化不正常表明内吞作用的组织特异性调节机制。此外,我们发现 LRRK2 依赖性 AP2M1 磷酸化介导多巴胺能神经变性 LRRK2 敲除小鼠和 G2019S 敲除小鼠大脑中 AP2M1 的磷酸化异常,但甲状腺组织中的磷酸化不正常表明内吞作用的组织特异性调节机制。此外,我们发现 LRRK2 依赖性 AP2M1 磷酸化介导多巴胺能神经变性PD的果蝇模型。总之,我们的研究结果提供了 PD 发病机制中 LRRK2、AP2 和内吞作用之间的机制联系。

更新日期:2021-07-28
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