Rice-wheat cropping system and associated residue burning is a major cause of air pollution and soil health depletion in Northern India. This calls for urgent technological interventions to address the issue and improve the profitability of this cropping system. Objective was to study the effect of rice residue incorporation (RRI) and green gram inclusion (GGI) on amount of N applied, productivity and soil health in rice-wheat cropping (RWC) system. Combinations of RRI, nitrogen management and GGI with conventional rice-wheat rotation were tested for 7 years. Eleven treatments with combination of RRI, RR removal, GGI and N management were evaluated. Treatment effects on system productivity, profitability and soil health parameters were measured. Treatment R-W (-RR) - Gg + <25 % N to R and R-W (+RR) - Gg+ <25 % N to R +>25 % N to W produced maximum rice (7677 kg ha⁻¹) and wheat yield (5949 kg ha⁻¹), though non-significant (P > 0.05) compared to control (Rice = 7508 & Wheat = 5724 kg ha⁻¹). Nitrogen fertilizer up to 75 kg ha⁻¹ was saved when GGI was taken up before rice. GGI and RRI was sustainable in terms of higher sustainability value index (SVI = 0.78), wheat equivalent yield (WEY = 20.0 t ha⁻¹) and production efficiency (PE = 57.5 kg ha⁻¹ day⁻¹). The treatments with GGI + RRI produced 1015$ additional net returns with more than double B:C ratio. Soil health in the form of SOC (0.42 %) and available N (152.6 kg ha⁻¹) were also improved with GGI + RRI in treatment R-W (+RR) - Gg+ <25 % N to R +>25 % N to W. Adoption of RRI + GGI over 3.64 m ha area under RWC system of studied ecology may save 45.1 million US $ worth N fertilizer annually in addition to substantial reduction in air pollution.

水稻 - 小麦种植系统和相关的残留物燃烧是印度北部空气污染和土壤健康枯竭的主要原因。这需要紧急的技术干预来解决这个问题并提高这种种植系统的盈利能力。【摘要】：目的研究水稻残渣掺入(RRI)和绿豆掺入(GGI)对水稻-小麦种植(RWC)系统施氮量、生产力和土壤健康的影响。对 RRI、氮管理和 GGI 与常规稻麦轮作的组合进行了 7 年的测试。评估了结合 RRI、RR 去除、GGI 和 N 管理的 11 种治疗方法。测量了处理对系统生产力、盈利能力和土壤健康参数的影响。处理 RW (-RR) - Gg + <25 % N 到 R 和 RW (+RR) - Gg+ <25 % N 到 R +>^-1 ) 和小麦产量 (5949 kg ha ^-1 )，尽管与对照 (水稻 = 7508 & 小麦 = 5724 kg ha ^-1 )相比不显着 (P > 0.05 )。在水稻之前使用 GGI 时，可节省高达 75 kg ha ^{-1 的}氮肥。GGI 和 RRI 在更高的可持续性价值指数（SVI = 0.78）、小麦等效产量（WEY = 20.0 t ha ^-1）和生产效率（PE = 57.5 kg ha ^-1 day ^-1）方面是可持续的。GGI + RRI 的处理产生了 1015 美元的额外净回报，B:C 比率超过两倍。以 SOC (0.42 %) 和有效氮 (152.6 kg ha ^-1 ) 形式表示的土壤健康) 也通过 GGI + RRI 在处理 RW (+RR) - Gg+ <25 % N 到 R +>25 % N 到 W 中得到改善。在研究生态学的 RWC 系统下，在 3.64 m 公顷面积上采用 RRI + GGI 可以节省 45.1除了显着减少空气污染外，每年还需要价值 100 万美元的氮肥。