In the present research, two new ionic liquids (ILs) with imidazolium cation and dicyanamide anion were synthesized for their plasticizing capacity in solid propellants. The structure of plasticizers was confirmed by FT-IR, ¹³C-NMR and ¹H-NMR spectrum and their thermal behaviors were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of the thermal analysis showed that the thermal stabilities of these ILs are suitable and the phase change curves of ILs were consistent with their weight reduction changes by increasing temperature. Moreover, the low viscosities and high densities obtained from the ILs show that these compounds could be convenient alternatives for polymeric plasticizers in propellant compositions. To understand the plasticizing effect of synthesized IL plasticizers on glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), blends of 20 % of the synthesized IL plasticizers were prepared and analysed to determine glass transition temperature and viscosity. Among all plasticizers, [Vin-IL] [N(CN)₂]-GAP and [Me-IL][N(CN)₂]-GAP blends produced the lowest Tg. The results of viscosity analysis show that all synthesized IL plasticizers have reduced the viscosity of the GAP binder, which indicates the plasticizing properties of ILs.

中文翻译：

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新型咪唑鎓离子液体基高能增塑剂的合成与表征

在目前的研究中，合成了两种具有咪唑鎓阳离子和双氰胺阴离子的新型离子液体 (IL)，因为它们在固体推进剂中具有增塑能力。增塑剂的结构经 FT-IR、¹³ C-NMR 和¹通过热重分析 (TGA) 和差示扫描量热法 (DSC) 研究了 H-NMR 光谱及其热行为。热分析结果表明，这些ILs的热稳定性是合适的，ILs的相变曲线与其随温度升高而减轻的重量变化一致。此外，从 IL 获得的低粘度和高密度表明，这些化合物可以方便地替代推进剂组合物中的聚合物增塑剂。要了解合成的 IL 增塑剂对缩水甘油基叠氮化物聚合物 (GAP) 的增塑作用，制备和分析了 20% 的合成 IL 增塑剂的混合物以确定玻璃化转变温度和粘度。在所有增塑剂中，[Vin-IL] [N(CN) ₂]-GAP 和 [Me-IL][N(CN) ₂ ]-GAP 共混物产生最低的 Tg。粘度分析结果表明，所有合成的IL增塑剂都降低了GAP粘合剂的粘度，这表明ILs的增塑性能。