European Journal of Developmental Psychology ( IF 1.807 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-27 , DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2021.1957823 Alessandra Geraci 1 , Francesca Simion 2
ABSTRACT
This research investigated whether the perception of social-causal relation alone triggers both infants’ evaluation processes and expectations about the social preferences of informed third parties. Three experiments were carried out, using the violation of expectation (VoE) paradigm. During the familiarization phase, infants saw events in which negative interactions involving two spheres as third parties were presented, while another shape intervened (intervening event) or not (non-intervening event), and a bystander watched these interactions. In Experiment 1, a sphere moved towards another sphere that started to move before the contact (social causality); in Experiment 2, a sphere moved towards another sphere that started to move after the contact (physical causality); in Experiment 3, a sphere moved towards fixed objects (physical causality). In the two test trials, either the intervening or the non-intervening agent needed help to enter into a box, and the bystander helped either agent. Later, a manual choice task assessed infants’ preferences. The results demonstrated that only in the social condition infants expected a bystander to help an intervening agent, and preferred the intervening agent. The findings provided evidence that infants’ evaluations are triggered by the perception of social causality.
中文翻译:
评估 17 个月大时动态形状所执行的亲社会行为
摘要
这项研究调查了社会因果关系的感知是否单独触发了婴儿的评估过程和对知情第三方社会偏好的期望。使用违反期望(VoE)范式进行了三个实验。在熟悉阶段,婴儿看到的事件中,涉及作为第三方的两个领域的负面相互作用被呈现,而另一种形状介入(介入事件)或不介入(非介入事件),并且旁观者观看这些相互作用。在实验 1 中,一个球体向另一个在接触之前开始移动的球体移动(社会因果关系);在实验 2 中,一个球体向另一个球体移动,该球体在接触后开始移动(物理因果关系);在实验 3 中,一个球体向固定物体移动(物理因果关系)。在这两个测试试验中,干预或非干预代理需要帮助才能进入一个盒子,旁观者帮助任何一个代理。后来,一项手动选择任务评估了婴儿的偏好。结果表明,只有在社会条件下,婴儿才期望旁观者帮助干预者,并且更喜欢干预者。研究结果提供了证据,证明婴儿的评估是由对社会因果关系的感知触发的。