The effect of pyrolysis reactors on the properties of biochars (with a focus on flammability and mechanical characteristics) were investigated by keeping factors such as feedstock, carbonisation temperature, heating rate and residence time constant. The reactors employed were hydrothermal, fixed-bed batch vertical and fixed-bed batch horizontal-tube reactors. The vertical and tube reactors, at the same temperature, produced biochars having comparable elemental carbon content, surface functionalities, thermal degradation pattern and peak heat release rates. The hydrothermal reactor, although, a low-temperature process, produced biochar with high fire resistance because the formed tarry volatiles sealed water inside the pores, which hindered combustion. However, the biochar from hydrothermal reactor had the lowest nanoindentation properties whereas the tube reactor-produced biochar at 300 °C had the highest nanoindentation-hardness (290 Megapascal) and modulus (ca. 4 Gigapascal) amongst the other tested samples. Based on the inherent flammability and mechanical properties of biochars, polymeric composites’ properties can be predicted that can include them as constituents.

通过保持原料、碳化温度、加热速率和停留时间等因素不变，研究了热解反应器对生物炭特性（重点是可燃性和机械特性）的影响。采用的反应器是水热、固定床间歇式立式和固定床间歇式卧式反应器。立式和管式反应器在相同温度下生产的生物炭具有相当的元素碳含量、表面功能、热降解模式和峰值热释放率。水热反应器虽然是一个低温过程，但由于形成的焦油挥发物将水封入孔隙内，从而阻碍了燃烧，因此产生了具有高耐火性的生物炭。然而，在其他测试样品中，来自水热反应器的生物炭具有最低的纳米压痕特性，而管式反应器在 300 °C 下生产的生物炭具有最高的纳米压痕硬度（290 兆帕斯卡）和模量（约 4 吉帕斯卡）。基于生物炭的固有可燃性和机械性能，可以预测聚合物复合材料的性能，并将其作为成分包括在内。