Maintaining soil health is critical for sustainable field crop production. This on-farm study used participatory monitoring and employed a Bayesian linear regression model to investigate the impact of various drivers (i.e., climate, soil edaphic properties, management practices, cropping diversity, and tillage intensity) on soil health indicators. Over two years, we sampled 242 focal points in soybean fields on thirty-five farms across three regions in Michigan differing in climate, edaphic properties and management practices. Soils ranged from loam to sandy loam. Soil health indicators assessed included soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil nitrogen (TSN), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), C mineralization (Cmin), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), phosphorus, calcium, soil surface and subsurface resistance, and wet aggregate stability (WAS). We observed location effects, with each of the three regions differing in their climate, soil edaphic properties, and management practices. We found that aridity and clay content are primary drivers of most soil health indicators. Specifically, crop diversity, irrespective of composition, was positively associated with Cmin and WAS. Tillage intensity was positively associated with PMN but negatively influenced POXC. Overall, we conclude that although climate and soil edaphic properties are the dominant drivers of soil health, management practices also play a critical role, especially when considering soil biological indicators.

保持土壤健康对于可持续的大田作物生产至关重要。这项农场研究使用参与式监测并采用贝叶斯线性回归模型来调查各种驱动因素（即气候、土壤土壤特性、管理实践、种植多样性和耕作强度）对土壤健康指标的影响。两年多来，我们在密歇根州三个地区的 35 个农场的大豆田中对 242 个焦点进行了采样，这些农场的气候、土壤特性和管理实践各不相同。土壤范围从壤土到砂壤土。评估的土壤健康指标包括土壤有机碳 (SOC)、土壤总氮 (TSN)、高锰酸盐可氧化碳 (POXC)、碳矿化 (Cmin)、潜在可矿化氮 (PMN)、磷、钙、土壤表层和地下阻力、和湿聚集体稳定性（WAS）。我们观察了位置效应，三个区域中的每一个在气候、土壤土壤特性和管理实践方面都不同。我们发现干旱和粘土含量是大多数土壤健康指标的主要驱动因素。具体而言，无论成分如何，作物多样性都与 Cmin 和 WAS 呈正相关。耕作强度与 PMN 呈正相关，但对 POXC 有负面影响。总的来说，我们得出的结论是，尽管气候和土壤土壤特性是土壤健康的主要驱动因素，但管理实践也起着关键作用，尤其是在考虑土壤生物指标时。我们发现干旱和粘土含量是大多数土壤健康指标的主要驱动因素。具体而言，无论成分如何，作物多样性都与 Cmin 和 WAS 呈正相关。耕作强度与 PMN 呈正相关，但对 POXC 有负面影响。总的来说，我们得出的结论是，尽管气候和土壤土壤特性是土壤健康的主要驱动因素，但管理实践也起着关键作用，尤其是在考虑土壤生物指标时。我们发现干旱和粘土含量是大多数土壤健康指标的主要驱动因素。具体而言，无论成分如何，作物多样性都与 Cmin 和 WAS 呈正相关。耕作强度与 PMN 呈正相关，但对 POXC 有负面影响。总的来说，我们得出的结论是，尽管气候和土壤土壤特性是土壤健康的主要驱动因素，但管理实践也起着关键作用，尤其是在考虑土壤生物指标时。