Knowledge of the physiological and pathological processes, taking place in bone during fracture healing or defect regeneration, is essential in order to develop strategies to enhance bone healing under normal and critical conditions. Preclinical testing allows a wide range of imaging modalities that may be applied both simultaneously and longitudinally, which will in turn lower the number of animals needed to allow a comprehensive assessment of the healing process. This work provides an up-to-date review on morphological, functional, optical, biochemical, and biophysical imaging techniques including their advantages, disadvantages and potential for combining them in a multimodal and multiscale manner. The focus lies on preclinical testing of biomaterials modified with artificial extracellular matrices in various animal models to enhance bone remodeling and regeneration.

中文翻译：

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盯着骨头看的男人：骨愈合的多模式监测

了解骨折愈合或缺损再生过程中骨中发生的生理和病理过程对于制定在正常和危急条件下增强骨愈合的策略至关重要。临床前测试允许同时和纵向应用广泛的成像方式，这反过来将减少对愈合过程进行全面评估所需的动物数量。这项工作提供了对形态、功能、光学、生化和生物物理成像技术的最新回顾，包括它们的优点、缺点和以多模式和多尺度方式组合它们的潜力。