The Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ) is a self-report measure that aims to capture rumination globally, unbiased by depressive symptoms. We explored its psychometric properties among university students (N = 1123), as the existing models about the factor structure of the RTSQ have been inconclusive. In a second study (N = 320) we tested its convergent validity compared to the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS) and its construct validity compared to the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZSDS). The results of Study 1 suggest that the factor structure of the RTSQ is best described with a 19-item bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM), where most of the variance is explained by the general factor. The model was found to be invariant across genders. The correlations in Study 2 demonstrated that the RTSQ is congruent with the RRS, and that rumination captured by the RTSQ is rather maladaptive, as it was more strongly associated with the brooding subscale of the RRS than with reflective pondering. Significant positive associations were found with depressive symptoms, reaffirming the validity of the RTSQ due to the well-known association between rumination and depressive symptoms. Our results support that RTSQ assesses rumination globally, and it is a valid measure of ruminative thinking style that is rather negatively valenced but does not solely focus on depressive mood and symptoms.

中文翻译：

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验证反刍思维方式问卷的双因素结构 - 一项心理测量研究。

反刍思维方式问卷 (RTSQ) 是一种自我报告测量，旨在捕捉全球范围内的反刍，不受抑郁症状的影响。我们在大学生（N = 1123）中探索了它的心理测量特性，因为关于 RTSQ 因子结构的现有模型尚无定论。在第二项研究 (N = 320) 中，我们测试了其与反刍反应量表 (RRS) 相比的收敛效度以及与 Zung 抑郁自评量表 (ZSDS) 相比的结构效度。研究 1 的结果表明 RTSQ 的因子结构最好用 19 项双因子探索性结构方程建模 (ESEM) 来描述，其中大部分方差由一般因子解释。发现该模型在性别之间是不变的。研究 2 中的相关性表明 RTSQ 与 RRS 一致，并且 RTSQ 捕获的沉思相当不适应，因为它与 RRS 的沉思子量表比与反思性思考更密切相关。发现与抑郁症状显着的正相关，由于沉思和抑郁症状之间众所周知的关联，再次肯定了 RTSQ 的有效性。我们的结果支持 RTSQ 对全球范围内的反刍进行评估，它是一种有效的反刍思维方式衡量标准，它具有相当的负面价值，但不仅仅关注抑郁情绪和症状。发现与抑郁症状显着的正相关，由于沉思和抑郁症状之间众所周知的关联，再次肯定了 RTSQ 的有效性。我们的结果支持 RTSQ 对全球范围内的反刍进行评估，它是一种有效的反刍思维方式衡量标准，它具有相当的负面价值，但不仅仅关注抑郁情绪和症状。发现与抑郁症状显着的正相关，由于沉思和抑郁症状之间众所周知的关联，再次肯定了 RTSQ 的有效性。我们的结果支持 RTSQ 对全球范围内的反刍进行评估，它是一种有效的反刍思维方式衡量标准，它具有相当的负面价值，但不仅仅关注抑郁情绪和症状。