Succinate is produced by both host and microbiota, with a key role in the interplay of immunity and metabolism and an emerging role as a biomarker for inflammatory and metabolic disorders in middle-aged adults. The relationship between plasma succinate levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in young adults is unknown. Cross-sectional study in 100 (65% women) individuals aged 18–25 years from the ACTIvating Brown Adipose Tissue through Exercise (ACTIBATE) study cohort. CVD risk factors, body composition, dietary intake, basal metabolic rate, and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed by routine methods. Plasma succinate was measured with an enzyme-based assay. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) was evaluated by positron emission tomography, and circulating oxylipins were assessed by targeted metabolomics. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed in a sub-sample. Individuals with higher succinate levels had higher levels of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass (+ 42.5%), triglycerides (+ 63.9%), C-reactive protein (+ 124.2%), diastolic blood pressure (+ 5.5%), and pro-inflammatory omega-6 oxylipins than individuals with lower succinate levels. Succinate levels were also higher in metabolically unhealthy individuals than in healthy overweight/obese peers. Succinate levels were not associated with BAT volume or activity or with fecal microbiota composition and diversity. Plasma succinate levels are linked to a specific pro-inflammatory omega-6 signature pattern and higher VAT levels, and seem to reflect the cardiovascular status of young adults.

中文翻译：

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血浆琥珀酸水平升高与年轻人心血管疾病危险因素升高有关

琥珀酸由宿主和微生物群产生，在免疫和代谢的相互作用中发挥着关键作用，并且作为中年成年人炎症和代谢紊乱的生物标志物发挥着新兴作用。年轻人血浆琥珀酸水平与心血管疾病 (CVD) 风险之间的关系尚不清楚。对来自通过运动激活棕色脂肪组织 (ACTIBATE) 研究队列的 100 名 18-25 岁个体（65% 为女性）进行横断面研究。通过常规方法评估CVD危险因素、身体成分、饮食摄入量、基础代谢率和心肺健康。使用基于酶的测定法测量血浆琥珀酸盐。通过正电子发射断层扫描评估棕色脂肪组织（BAT），并通过靶向代谢组学评估循环氧脂质。对子样本中的粪便微生物群组成进行了分析。琥珀酸水平较高的个体的内脏脂肪组织 (VAT) 质量 (+ 42.5%)、甘油三酯 (+ 63.9%)、C 反应蛋白 (+ 124.2%)、舒张压 (+ 5.5%) 和前列腺素水平较高。 - 与琥珀酸盐水平较低的个体相比，炎症性 omega-6 氧脂素。代谢不健康的人的琥珀酸水平也高于健康的超重/肥胖同龄人。琥珀酸盐水平与 BAT 体积或活性或粪便微生物群组成和多样性无关。血浆琥珀酸水平与特定的促炎性 omega-6 特征模式和较高的 VAT 水平有关，似乎反映了年轻人的心血管状况。