Route scheduling is crucial for uninterrupted operation of modern bus fleets consisting of electric buses. This paper proposes an exact route scheduling optimization model for centralized bus depots based on mixed integer linear programming. In order to adjust to the current situation at many electric bus depots, the model considers a heterogeneous fleet consisting of multiple types of electric buses with different battery capacities. With additional charging scheduling the model can minimize the number of buses charging simultaneously which directly leads to load peak reduction. This allows considering further parameters, such as for example the grid capacity limit. The model can be used to minimize the necessary number of buses, to define the optimum composition of the fleet as well as to minimize the total cost of the fleet. The results show a clear cost advantage of operating a heterogeneous fleet as well as the benefits of combined route- and charging scheduling. Timetables from five real depots from the city of Hamburg in Germany were used as examples in this paper. Analysis of the proposed model using real data can provide a valuable input to other transportation companies preparing for the electrification of their fleet.

中文翻译：

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集中式电动公交车站的路线调度

路线调度对于由电动公交车组成的现代公交车队的不间断运营至关重要。提出了一种基于混合整数线性规划的集中式公交场站精确路线调度优化模型。为了适应许多电动公交车站的现状，该模型考虑了由具有不同电池容量的多种类型的电动公交车组成的异构车队。通过额外的充电调度，该模型可以最大限度地减少同时充电的公交车数量，这直接导致负荷峰值降低。这允许考虑更多参数，例如电网容量限制。该模型可用于最小化必要的公交车数量、定义车队的最佳组成以及最大限度地降低车队的总成本。结果表明，运营异构车队具有明显的成本优势，以及组合路线和充电调度的好处。本文以德国汉堡市五个实际车辆段的时刻表为例。使用真实数据对提议的模型进行分析可以为其他准备车队电气化的运输公司提供有价值的输入。