This article presents a low-power, high-speed smart vision sensor for motion detection (MD) that realizes in-pixel frame-difference (FD) operation using a global shutter mechanism. A ping-pong pulse-width-modulation (PWM) pixel is proposed to achieve the consecutive event frame report with a balanced signal transfer function of successive FD operations. Three operating modes were implemented for varied application scenarios, such as image capture (IC) mode to capture a raw image, FD mode for MD, and saliency detection (SD) mode for low-resolution sub-block event counting. A 0.8 V 64 $\times $ 64 vision sensor prototype was fabricated and verified in TSMC 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ standard CMOS technology. In IC mode, it consumed 71.2 $\mu \text{W}$ @360fps with an achieved iFoM of 48.3 $\text {pJ/pixel}\cdot \text {frame}$ . In FD mode, it consumed 74.4 $\mu \text{W}$ @510fps with full-resolution (64 $\times $ 64) event reporting and achieved iFoMs of 35.6 $\text {pJ/pixel}\cdot \text {frame}$ . In SD mode, it consumed 121.6 $\mu \text{W}$ @890fps with block-level (8 $\times $ 8) saliency reporting and achieved iFoMs of 2.1 $\text {nJ/block}\cdot \text {frame}$ .

中文翻译：

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一种 0.8 V 多模视觉传感器，用于具有乒乓 PWM 像素的运动和显着性检测

本文介绍了一种用于运动检测 (MD) 的低功耗、高速智能视觉传感器，该传感器使用全局快门机制实现像素内帧差 (FD) 操作。提出了一种乒乓脉宽调制 (PWM) 像素，以实现具有连续 FD 操作的平衡信号传递函数的连续事件帧报告。针对不同的应用场景实施了三种操作模式，例如用于捕获原始图像的图像捕获 (IC) 模式、用于 MD 的 FD 模式和用于低分辨率子块事件计数的显着性检测 (SD) 模式。0.8V 64 $\times $ 64视觉传感器原型在台积电0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ 标准CMOS技术。在IC模式下，它消耗了71.2 $\mu \text{W}$ @360fps，iFoM 达到 48.3 $\text {pJ/pixel}\cdot \text {frame}$ . 在FD模式下，它消耗了74.4 $\mu \text{W}$ @510fps 全分辨率 (64 $\times $ 64) 事件报告并获得了 35.6 的 iFoM $\text {pJ/pixel}\cdot \text {frame}$ . 在 SD 模式下，它消耗 121.6 $\mu \text{W}$ @890fps 块级 (8 $\times $ 8) 显着性报告并实现 iFoM 2.1 $\text {nJ/block}\cdot \text {frame}$ .