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A Quantum Annealer for Subset Feature Selection and the Classification of Hyperspectral Images
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-07 , DOI: 10.1109/jstars.2021.3095377
Soronzonbold Otgonbaatar , Mihai Datcu

Hyperspectral images (HSIs) showing objects belonging to several distinct target classes are characterized by dozens of spectral bands being available. However, some of these spectral bands are redundant and/or noisy, and hence, selecting highly informative and trustworthy bands for each class is a vital step for classification and for saving internal storage space; then the selected bands are termed a highly informative spectral band subset. We use a mutual information (MI)-based method to select the spectral band subset of a given class and two additional binary quantum classifiers, namely a quantum boost (Qboost) and a quantum boost plus (Qboost-Plus) classifier, to classify a two-label dataset characterized by the selected band subset. We pose both our MI-based band subset selection problem and the binary quantum classifiers as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem. Such a quadratic problem is solvable with the help of conventional optimization techniques. However, the QUBO problem is an NP-hard global optimization problem, and hence, it is worthwhile for applying a quantum annealer. Thus, we adapted our MI-based optimization problem for selecting highly informative bands for each class of a given HSI to be run on a D-Wave quantum annealer. After the selection of these highly informative bands for each class, we employ our binary quantum classifiers to a two-label dataset on the D-Wave quantum annealer. In addition, we provide a novel multilabel classifier exploiting an error-encoding output code when using our binary quantum classifiers. As a real-world dataset in Earth observation, we used the well-known AVIRIS HSI of Indian Pine, north-western Indiana, USA. We can demonstrate that the MI-based band subset selection problem can be run on a D-Wave quantum annealer that selects the highly informative spectral band subset for each target class in the Indian Pine HSI. We can also prove that our binary quantum classifiers and our novel multilabel classifier generate a correct two- and multilabel dataset characterized by their selected bands and with high accuracy such as having been produced by conventional classifiers—and even better in some instances.

中文翻译:

用于子集特征选择和高光谱图像分类的量子退火器

显示属于几个不同目标类别的对象的高光谱图像 (HSI) 的特点是有几十个光谱带可用。然而,这些光谱波段中的一些是冗余和/或嘈杂的,因此,为每个类别选择信息量高且值得信赖的波段是分类和节省内部存储空间的关键步骤;那么所选择的波段被称为一个信息量很大的光谱波段子集。我们使用基于互信息 (MI) 的方法来选择给定类的光谱带子集和两个额外的二进制量子分类器,即量子增强 (Qboost) 和量子增强加 (Qboost-Plus) 分类器,以对以所选波段子集为特征的双标签数据集。我们将基于 MI 的波段子集选择问题和二元量子分类器作为二次无约束二元优化 (QUBO) 问题提出。借助常规优化技术,可以解决此类二次问题。然而,QUBO 问题是一个 NP-hard 全局优化问题,因此值得应用量子退火器。因此,我们调整了基于 MI 的优化问题,以便为要在 D-Wave 量子退火炉上运行的给定 HSI 的每一类选择信息量丰富的波段。在为每个类别选择这些信息量高的波段后,我们将我们的二元量子分类器用于 D-Wave 量子退火器上的双标签数据集。此外,我们提供了一种新颖的多标签分类器,在使用我们的二进制量子分类器时利用错误编码输出代码。作为地球观测中的真实世界数据集,我们使用了美国印第安纳州西北部印第安松的著名 AVIRIS HSI。我们可以证明基于 MI 的波段子集选择问题可以在 D-Wave 量子退火炉上运行,该退火炉为印度松 HSI 中的每个目标类别选择信息量丰富的光谱波段子集。我们还可以证明我们的二元量子分类器和我们的新型多标签分类器生成了一个正确的双标签和多标签数据集,其特征是它们选择的波段,并且具有高准确度,例如由传统分类器产生的——在某些情况下甚至更好。我们可以证明基于 MI 的波段子集选择问题可以在 D-Wave 量子退火炉上运行,该退火炉为印度松 HSI 中的每个目标类别选择信息量丰富的光谱波段子集。我们还可以证明我们的二元量子分类器和我们的新型多标签分类器生成了一个正确的双标签和多标签数据集,其特征是它们选择的波段,并且具有高准确度,例如由传统分类器产生的——在某些情况下甚至更好。我们可以证明基于 MI 的波段子集选择问题可以在 D-Wave 量子退火炉上运行,该退火炉为印度松 HSI 中的每个目标类别选择信息量丰富的光谱波段子集。我们还可以证明我们的二元量子分类器和我们的新型多标签分类器生成了一个正确的双标签和多标签数据集,其特征是它们选择的波段,并且具有高准确度,例如由传统分类器产生的——在某些情况下甚至更好。
更新日期:2021-07-27
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