Balsa and kapok fibers are by-products of community plantations. Both fibers have not been optimally utilized in Indonesia. The high holocellulose content and low lignin content of these fibers indicate the potential to be used as a nanocellulose raw material with a simple extraction. The objective of this study was to extract cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from balsa and kapok fibers through a direct extraction without pre-treatment. CNCs from balsa and kapok fibers were prepared by a one-step procedure with ammonium persulfate solution (APS) at concentrations of 1, 1.5, and 2 mol/L. The CNCs were characterized by determining their morphology, functional groups, crystallinity, and thermal stability using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results showed that the diameter of the CNCs was in the range of 1.25–11.87 nm depending on the APS concentration and the fiber type. APS dissolved the lignin and hemicellulose, which led to an increase in the CNCs crystallinity with an increasing APS concentration. The decrease in the thermal stability of the CNCs was thought to be due to the increase in the surface area of the particles and the presence of carboxyl groups in the CNCs. This research revealed that balsa and kapok fibers could be used as raw materials to produce nanocellulose in one-step using ammonium persulfate.

轻木和木棉纤维是社区种植园的副产品。这两种纤维在印度尼西亚都没有得到最佳利用。这些纤维的高全纤维素含量和低木质素含量表明具有通过简单提取用作纳米纤维素原料的潜力。本研究的目的是通过直接提取从轻木和木棉纤维中提取纤维素纳米晶体 (CNC)，无需预处理。使用浓度为 1、1.5 和 2 mol/L 的过硫酸铵溶液 (APS) 通过一步法制备来自轻木和木棉纤维的 CNC。CNCs 通过分别使用透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X 射线衍射和热重分析测定其形态、官能团、结晶度和热稳定性来表征。结果表明，根据 APS 浓度和纤维类型，CNC 的直径在 1.25-11.87 nm 的范围内。APS 溶解木质素和半纤维素，随着 APS 浓度的增加，CNCs 结晶度增加。CNCs 的热稳定性下降被认为是由于颗粒表面积的增加和 CNCs 中羧基的存在。这项研究表明，轻木和木棉纤维可以作为原料，使用过硫酸铵一步生产纳米纤维素。CNCs 的热稳定性下降被认为是由于颗粒表面积的增加和 CNCs 中羧基的存在。这项研究表明，轻木和木棉纤维可以作为原料，使用过硫酸铵一步生产纳米纤维素。CNCs 的热稳定性下降被认为是由于颗粒表面积的增加和 CNCs 中羧基的存在。这项研究表明，轻木和木棉纤维可以作为原料，使用过硫酸铵一步生产纳米纤维素。