This paper proposes a numerical method to predict the ice accretion shapes and aerodynamic performance of rotating vertical axis wind turbine (VAWTs) under icing conditions. A multiple reference frame (MRF) and sliding mesh technique (SMT) are combined to efficiently reflect the unsteady icing effects on rotating wind turbines. The SMT calculates the flow field considering the rotational and unsteady effects of the VAWTs. The MRF can efficiently clarify the rotational effects of the droplet field and ice accretion. Using the MRF technique, a series of icing simulations is implemented in which the ice shapes are updated at azimuth angle intervals of 36°. Using the proposed method, ice shapes in agreement with those obtained in icing wind tunnel tests can be obtained. Moreover, ice that is evenly distributed over the blade surface under glaze ice conditions can be examined instead of only the forms concentrated on the leading-edge, such as ice horns. The overall output power of an ice-covered VAWT is noted to be significantly reduced. Massive flow separation is induced owing to the increased airfoil thickness at azimuthal angles between 0° and 180°. Nevertheless, the performance of the thickened airfoil is enhanced owing to the delayed flow separation via dynamic stall in azimuthal angles between 180° and 270°.

本文提出了一种数值方法来预测结冰条件下旋转垂直轴风力涡轮机（VAWTs）的积冰形状和空气动力学性能。多参考系 (MRF) 和滑动网格技术 (SMT) 相结合，可以有效地反映旋转风力涡轮机的不稳定结冰效应。SMT 计算流场时考虑了 VAWT 的旋转和非定常效应。MRF 可以有效地阐明液滴场和积冰的旋转效应。使用 MRF 技术，执行一系列结冰模拟，其中冰形状以 36° 的方位角间隔更新。使用所提出的方法，可以获得与结冰风洞试验中获得的冰形状一致的冰形状。而且，可以检查在釉冰条件下均匀分布在叶片表面的冰，而不仅仅是集中在前缘的形式，例如冰角。注意到冰覆盖的 VAWT 的总输出功率显着降低。由于在 0° 和 180° 之间的方位角处增加了翼型厚度，导致了大量流动分离。然而，由于在 180° 和 270° 之间的方位角中通过动态失速延迟流动分离，加厚翼型的性能得到了增强。