In recent years, microplastic (MP) pollution has been widely reported. Many studies have shown that MPs in the oceans not only exist in the water but also are eaten by plankton and may be transferred to other trophic levels via the plankton food web. This paper reviews the relationship between MPs and zooplankton, and discusses two aspects of the potential harm of MPs to zooplankton: the effects of MPs on zooplankton ingestion and the influence of MP toxicity on zooplankton. MPs are often eaten by zooplankton because they resemble prey in size, color, and buoyancy. Zooplankton ingest MPs directly or indirectly, resulting in intestinal damage, reduced ingestion, slow or delayed growth, reduced spawning, shortened lifespan, and abnormal or even fatal gene expression. MP ingestion by zooplankton also affects their behavior, reproduction, and offspring. MPs constitute an uncertain threat to zooplankton. Integration of MPs into the zooplankton community affects filtering organisms feeding. The mechanism of MP toxicity in zooplankton is not yet fully understood and more studies are needed.

近年来，微塑料（MP）污染被广泛报道。许多研究表明，海洋中的 MPs 不仅存在于水中，还被浮游生物吃掉，并可能通过浮游生物食物网转移到其他营养级。本文综述了 MPs 与浮游动物的关系，讨论了 MPs 对浮游动物潜在危害的两个方面：MPs 对浮游动物摄食的影响和 MPs 毒性对浮游动物的影响。MPs 经常被浮游动物吃掉，因为它们在大小、颜色和浮力上类似于猎物。浮游动物直接或间接摄入 MP，导致肠道损伤、摄入减少、生长缓慢或延迟、产卵减少、寿命缩短以及异常甚至致命的基因表达。浮游动物摄入 MP 也会影响它们的行为、繁殖、和后代。MPs 对浮游动物构成了不确定的威胁。MP 与浮游动物群落的整合会影响过滤生物的摄食。MP 对浮游动物的毒性机制尚未完全了解，需要更多的研究。