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Deacclimation and reacclimation of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) shoots and buds under controlled conditions
Scientia Horticulturae ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110430
Pauliina Palonen 1 , Iiris Lettojärvi 1 , Jaana Luoranen 2 , Hanna Ruhanen 3 , Marja Rantanen 4 , Tuuli Haikonen 5 , Sanna Finni 4
Affiliation  

In the future climate scenario the transient warm spells during winter are predicted to become more frequent and potentially increase the risk of frost damage in perennial horticultural crops. The aim of our study was to examine, whether apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.), and raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars differing in winter hardiness have a different susceptibility to deacclimation during a warm spell and the ability to reacclimate in response to a subsequent cold period. Shoot samples were collected from commercial orchards in Finland on Feb. 6, 2019. Samples were subjected to a deacclimation treatment (+5°C, 4 d) followed by a reacclimation treatment (-7°C, 7 d). Controlled freezing tests were conducted immediately after sampling, and at the end of deacclimation and reacclimation treatments to determine frost hardiness (FH). FH was most stable in those cultivars that are known to be hardy in the Finnish climate conditions, i.e. ‘Pirja’ apple, ‘Mikael’ and ‘Öjebyn’ blackcurrants, and ‘Maurin Makea’ raspberry. Buds were consistently less hardy than shoots, the difference being largest in blackcurrant, 25°C. The buds of all cultivars, except ‘Pirja’ apple, deacclimated during four days at +5°C, but only ‘Ben Tron’ blackcurrant buds were able to reacclimate. The depth of dormancy was determined by forcing the shoot samples in a greenhouse to examine the relationship of the FH stability to the dormancy status in the cultivars. Sixty to 95 % of apple, 98 to 100 % of blackcurrant, and 55 to 67 % of raspberry buds broke during five weeks in forcing. Only the apple cultivars exhibited cultivar differences in the dormancy status in the beginning of February. ‘Pirja’ despite having the most stable FH of the apple cultivars, showed the most complete and fastest bud break in forcing. Consequently, the susceptibility to deacclimation during a warm spell and the ability to reacclimate at subsequent low temperatures were not related to the status of dormancy in these cultivars.



中文翻译:

苹果 (Malus ×domestica Borkh.)、黑加仑 (Ribes nigrum L.) 和覆盆子 (Rubus idaeus L.) 在受控条件下的芽和芽的去驯化和再驯化

在未来的气候情景中,预计冬季短暂的暖期将变得更加频繁,并可能增加多年生园艺作物遭受霜冻损害的风险。我们研究的目的是检查苹果(Malus ×domestica Borkh.)、黑加仑(Ribes nigrum L. )和覆盆子(Rubus idaeusL.) 冬季抗寒性不同的栽培品种在温暖时期对去驯化的敏感性不同,并且在随后的寒冷时期重新适应的能力不同。芽样品于 2019 年 2 月 6 日从芬兰的商业果园收集。样品经过去驯化处理(+5°C,4 天),然后进行再驯化处理(-7°C,7 天)。采样后立即进行受控冷冻试验,并在去驯化和重新驯化处理结束时进行,以确定抗冻性 (FH)。FH 在已知在芬兰气候条件下耐寒的那些栽培品种中最为稳定,例如“Pirja”苹果、“Mikael”和“Öjebyn”黑加仑子以及“Maurin Makea”覆盆子。芽的耐寒性始终不如芽,黑醋栗的差异最大,25°C。所有品种的芽,除了 'Pirja' 苹果,在 +5°C 的四天内去驯化,但只有 'Ben Tron' 黑加仑芽能够重新适应。休眠的深度是通过强制温室中的芽样品来检查 FH 稳定性与栽培品种休眠状态的关系来确定的。60% 到 95% 的苹果、98% 到 100% 的黑加仑子和 55% 到 67% 的覆盆子芽在 5 周内受迫破裂。仅苹果品种在 2 月初的休眠状态表现出品种差异。'Pirja' 尽管在苹果品种中具有最稳定的 FH,但在强迫方面表现出最完整和最快的萌芽。因此,在暖期期间对去驯化的敏感性以及在随后的低温下重新适应的能力与这些品种的休眠状态无关。

更新日期:2021-07-27
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