Incised valley fills are complex as they correspond to multiple sea-level cycles which makes interpretation and correlation of stratigraphic surfaces fraught with uncertainty. Despite numerous studies of the stratigraphy of incised valley fills, few have focused on extensive core coverage linked to high fidelity dating in a macro-tidal, tide-dominated setting. For this study nineteen sediment cores were drilled through the Holocene succession of the macro-tidal Ravenglass Estuary in north-west England, UK. A facies and stratigraphic model of the Ravenglass incised valley complex was constructed, to understand the lateral and vertical stacking patterns relative to the sea-level changes. The Ravenglass Estuary formed in five main stages. First, incision by rivers (ca 11 500 to ca 10 500 yrs bp) cutting through the shelf during lowstand, which was a period of fluvial dominance. Secondly, a rapid transgression and landward migration of the shoreline (10 500 to 6000 yrs bp). Wave action was dominant, promoting spit formation. The third stage was a highstand at ca 6000 to ca 5000 yrs bp, creating maximum accommodation and the majority of backfilling. The spits narrowed the inlet and dampened wave action. The fourth stage was caused by a minor fall of sea level (ca 5000 to ca 226 yrs bp), which forced the system to shift basinward. The fifth and final stage (226 yrs bp to present) involved the backfilling of the River Irt, southward migration of the northerly (Drigg) spit and merging of the River Irt with the Rivers Esk and Mite. The final stage was synchronous with the development of the central basin. As an analogue for ancient and deeply buried sandstones, most of the estuarine sedimentation occurred after transgression, of which the coarsest and cleanest sands are found in the tidal inlet, on the foreshore and within in-channel tidal bars. The best-connected (up to 1 km) reservoir-equivalent sands belong to the more stable channels.

中文翻译：

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现代大潮切谷的地层和沉积演化：储层相和构造的模拟

下切山谷填充物是复杂的，因为它们对应于多个海平面循环，这使得地层表面的解释和关联充满了不确定性。尽管对下切山谷填充物的地层学进行了大量研究，但很少有人关注与大潮、潮汐主导环境中的高保真测年相关的广泛核心覆盖。在这项研究中，在英国西北部的大潮 Ravenglass 河口的全新世演替中钻探了 19 个沉积物岩心。构建了 Ravenglass 下切谷复合体的相和地层模型，以了解相对于海平面变化的横向和垂直堆积模式。Ravenglass 河口分五个主要阶段形成。首先，河流切割（约11 500 至约10 500 yrs bp ) 在低水位期间穿过陆架，这是河流主导的时期。其次，海岸线的快速海侵和向陆迁移（10 500 到 6000 年bp）。波浪作用占主导地位，促进了唾液的形成。第三阶段是ca 6000 到ca 5000 bp的高位，创造了最大的适应和大部分回填。喷口使入口变窄并减弱了波浪作用。第四阶段是由海平面的小幅下降（约5000 年至约226 年bp）引起的，这迫使系统向盆地移动。第五阶段和最后阶段（226 年bp至目前）涉及到 Irt 河的回填、北部（Drigg）吐痰向南迁移以及 Irt 河与 Esk 河和 Mite 河的合并。最后阶段与中央盆地的发展同步。作为古代深埋砂岩的类似物，河口沉积大部分发生在海侵后，其中最粗、最干净的砂体出现在潮汐入口、前滨和河道内潮汐坝内。连通性最好（最长 1 公里）的储层等效砂岩属于更稳定的河道。