We report a facile, green and precursor-based comparative study on the biosynthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) using anticancerous Fagonia indica as effective chelating agent. Biosynthesis was carried out using zinc sulfate and zinc acetate as precursor salts to make ZnO_S and ZnO_A NPs under similar experimental conditions which were characterized extensively for physical and biological properties. Scherrer equation deduced a mean crystallite size of ~23.4 nm for ZnO_A NPs and ~41 nm for ZnO_S NPs. The nature of the NPs was compared using UV, diffuse reflectance spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis–DTA, selected area electron diffraction, EDS, zeta potential, high resolution (HR)-SEM, and HR-TEM. Detailed in vitro pharmacognostic activities revealed a significant therapeutic potential for ZnO_A and ZnO_S. Potential antimicrobial activities for the NPs and their nanocosmeceutical formulations are reported. ZnO_A NPs were more cytotoxic to Leishmania tropica as compared to ZnO_S. Significant antioxidant and protein kinase inhibition was obtained. The hemolytic assay indicated a hemocompatible nature of both ZnO_A and ZnO_S NPs. Catalytic degradation of crystal violet dye (CVD) by NPs was examined under different parameters (light, dark, UV). Furthermore, sonophotocatalytic degradation of CVD was also studied. Our results suggested that precursor can have a significant effect on the physical, biological, and catalytic properties of the NPs. In future, we recommend different other in vitro, in vivo biological activities, and mechanistic studies of these as-synthesized NPs.

中文翻译：

---

前体对 Fagonia indica Burm.f. 物理、生物学和催化特性的影响。介导氧化锌纳米粒子

我们报告了一项关于氧化锌 (ZnO) 纳米粒子 (NPs) 生物合成的简便、绿色和基于前体的比较研究，该研究使用抗癌Fagonia indica作为有效螯合剂。使用硫酸锌和醋酸锌作为前体盐进行生物合成，以在相似的实验条件下制备 ZnO _S和 ZnO _A NPs，其物理和生物学特性得到广泛表征。Scherrer 方程推导出 ZnO _A NPs的平均微晶尺寸约为 23.4 nm，ZnO _S的平均微晶尺寸约为 41 nmNP。使用紫外线、漫反射光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重分析-DTA、选区电子衍射、EDS、zeta 电位、高分辨率 (HR)-SEM 和 HR-TEM 比较了 NPs 的性质。详细的体外生药活性表明 ZnO _A和 ZnO _S具有显着的治疗潜力。报告了纳米颗粒及其纳米药妆制剂的潜在抗菌活性。与 ZnO _S相比，ZnO _A NPs 对热带利什曼原虫的细胞毒性更大。获得了显着的抗氧化剂和蛋白激酶抑制作用。溶血试验表明 ZnO _A和 ZnO _S具有血液相容性NP。在不同参数（光、暗、UV）下检查了 NPs 对结晶紫染料 (CVD) 的催化降解。此外，还研究了 CVD 的声光催化降解。我们的结果表明前体可以对 NPs 的物理、生物学和催化性能产生显着影响。将来，我们建议对这些合成的 NP 进行其他不同的体外、体内生物活性和机理研究。