Abstract

Background

Intercept surveys are a relatively inexpensive method to rapidly collect data on drug use. However, querying use of dozens of drugs can be time-consuming. We determined whether using a rapid screener is efficacious in detecting which participants use drugs and should be offered a full survey which asks more extensively about use.

Methods

We surveyed 103 adults (age 18-29) on streets of Manhattan, NY in 2019 to test the reliability of a screener which queried past-year use of six drugs. Those reporting any drug use on the screener (and a third of those not reporting drug use) were offered the full survey which queried use of 97 drugs. We compared self-reported use on the screener to the full survey.

Results

Self-reported use of ecstasy, cocaine, and LSD had high test-retest reliability (Kappa = 0.90-1.00), and the screener had high sensitivity (1.00) and specificity (0.97-1.00) in detecting use of these drugs. Reliability for marijuana (Kappa = 0.62) and nonmedical opioid use (Kappa = 0.75) was lower. The screener had higher sensitivity (0.94) and lower specificity (0.64) in detecting marijuana use, and lower sensitivity (0.71) and higher specificity (0.98) in detecting nonmedical opioid use. Within the full survey, all participants reporting use of amphetamine (nonmedical use), shrooms, poppers, synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, novel psychedelics, ketamine, or GHB reported use of at least one drug queried on the screener.

Conclusions

Self-reported use of common drugs on a screener can reliably be used as an inclusion criterion for more extensive intercept surveys about drug use behavior.

中文翻译：

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药物使用拦截调查快速筛选器的可靠性

摘要

背景

拦截调查是一种相对便宜的快速收集药物使用数据的方法。但是，查询数十种药物的使用可能很耗时。我们确定使用快速筛选器是否能有效检测哪些参与者使用药物，并且应该提供完整的调查以更广泛地询问使用情况。

方法

我们于 2019 年在纽约曼哈顿的街道上对 103 名成年人（年龄 18-29 岁）进行了调查，以测试调查过去一年六种药物使用情况的筛选器的可靠性。那些在筛选器上报告任何药物使用情况的人（以及三分之一未报告药物使用情况的人）被提供了完整的调查，该调查询问了 97 种药物的使用情况。我们将筛选器上的自我报告使用情况与完整调查进行了比较。

结果

自我报告的摇头丸、可卡因和 LSD 使用情况具有较高的重测信度（Kappa = 0.90-1.00），筛选器在检测这些药物的使用方面具有较高的敏感性（1.00）和特异性（0.97-1.00）。大麻（Kappa = 0.62）和非医用阿片类药物使用（Kappa = 0.75）的可靠性较低。该筛选器在检测大麻使用方面具有较高的敏感性（0.94）和较低的特异性（0.64），在检测非医疗阿片类药物使用方面具有较低的敏感性（0.71）和较高的特异性（0.98）。在完整的调查中，所有报告使用苯丙胺（非医疗用途）、香菇、poppers、合成大麻素、合成卡西酮、新型迷幻药、氯胺酮或 GHB 的参与者报告使用了筛选器上查询的至少一种药物。

结论

在筛选器上自我报告的常用药物使用情况可以可靠地用作关于药物使用行为的更广泛拦截调查的纳入标准。