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The mechanosensory neurons of touch and their mechanisms of activation
Nature Reviews Neuroscience ( IF 34.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 , DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00489-x
Annie Handler 1 , David D Ginty 1
Affiliation  

Our sense of touch emerges from an array of mechanosensory structures residing within the fabric of our skin. These tactile end organ structures convert innocuous forces acting on the skin into electrical signals that propagate to the CNS via the axons of low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs). Our rich capacity for tactile discrimination arises from the dissimilar intrinsic properties of the LTMR subtypes that innervate different regions of the skin and the structurally distinct end organ complexes with which they associate. These end organ structures comprise a range of non-neuronal cell types, which may themselves actively contribute to the transformation of tactile forces into neural impulses within the LTMR afferents. Although the mechanism and the site of transduction across end organs remain unclear, PIEZO2 has emerged as the principal mechanosensitive channel involved in light touch of the skin. Here we review the physiological properties of LTMR subtypes and discuss how features of their cutaneous end organ complexes shape subtype-specific tuning.



中文翻译:

触觉的机械感觉神经元及其激活机制

我们的触觉来自于我们皮肤结构中的一系列机械感觉结构。这些触觉末端器官结构将作用在皮肤上的无害力转化为电信号,通过低阈值机械感受器 (LTMR) 的轴突传播到中枢神经系统。我们丰富的触觉辨别能力来自于 LTMR 亚型的不同内在特性,这些亚型支配皮肤的不同区域以及与之相关的结构不同的末端器官复合物。这些末端器官结构包括一系列非神经元细胞类型,它们本身可能积极地有助于将触觉力转化为 LTMR 传入神经内的神经冲动。尽管终末器官的转导机制和位点仍不清楚,PIEZO2 已成为与皮肤轻触有关的主要机械敏感通道。在这里,我们回顾了 LTMR 亚型的生理特性,并讨论了它们的皮肤终末器官复合物的特征如何塑造亚型特异性调谐。

更新日期:2021-07-27
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