The immune-related adverse events associated with treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors result in significant morbidity for patients as well as considerable cost to the health-care system, and can limit the use of these beneficial drugs. Understanding the mechanisms of these side effects and how they can be separated from the antitumour effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as identifying biomarkers that predict the development of immune-related toxicities, will facilitate the conduct of trials to limit their onset and improve patient outcomes. In this Review, we discuss the different types of immune-related adverse events and how their treatment and identification of possible predictive biomarkers may shed light on their mechanisms, and describe possible strategies and targets for prophylactic and therapeutic intervention to mitigate them.

与免疫检查点抑制剂治疗相关的免疫相关不良事件会导致患者发病率显着增加，并给医疗保健系统带来可观的成本，并可能限制这些有益药物的使用。了解这些副作用的机制以及如何将它们与免疫检查点抑制剂的抗肿瘤作用区分开来，以及识别预测免疫相关毒性发展的生物标志物，将有助于开展试验以限制其发作并改善患者结果。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了不同类型的免疫相关不良事件，以及它们的治疗和对可能的预测性生物标志物的识别如何揭示它们的机制，