This paper presents our study of the presence of the unstable critical point in spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) in the framework of Ginzburg–Landau (G-L) free energy. Through a 3D Ising spin lattice simulation, we found a zone of hysteresis where the unstable critical point continued to exist, despite the system having entered the broken symmetry phase. Within the hysteresis zone, the presence of the kink–antikink SSB solitons expands and, therefore, these can be observed. In scalar field theories, such as Higgs fields, the mass of this soliton inside the hysteresis zone could behave as a tachyon mass, namely as an imaginary quantity. Due to the fact that groups Ζ(2) and SU(2) belong to the same universality class, one expects that, in future experiments of ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions, in addition to the expected bosons condensations, structures of tachyon fields could appear.

中文翻译：

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场论框架中自发对称破缺中的快子和孤子

本文介绍了我们对金茨堡-朗道 (GL) 自由能框架中自发对称破缺 (SSB) 中不稳定临界点的存在的研究。通过 3D Ising 自旋晶格模拟，我们发现了一个滞后区，尽管系统已进入对称破坏阶段，但不稳定临界点继续存在。在滞后区内，扭结-反扭结 SSB 孤子的存在扩大，因此可以观察到这些。在标量场理论中，例如希格斯场，滞后区内的这种孤子的质量可以表现为快子质量，即虚量。由于群 Ζ(2) 和 SU(2) 属于同一个普遍性类，人们预计，在未来的超相对论核碰撞实验中，除了预期的玻色子凝聚，