5G is considered a key technology for society but its implementation is currently surrounded by controversy. Beyond its technical aspects, 5G has become a question of security and national interest for many States as well as an international policy issue. Technological autonomy and digital sovereignty are increasingly recognised as strategic priorities on a global scale. In this context, the EU's position is unique, basically for two reasons. On the one hand, the EU has unintentionally become part of the playing field in the US-China dispute over technology companies and 5G. On the other hand, any policy of the EU or its Member States is constrained by the nature of 5G as an area of either European or national competence. The delimitation of their competences is not clear, just as there is no transparent and understandable distinction of their 5G responsibilities. In order to clarify this situation, a comprehensive analysis of the European competence and legal frameworks is necessary. After that, the study of the evolution process of this European policy provides an overview of its scope and limits. Finally, the paper explains the procedures and instruments of this European policy and concludes by assessing its implementation and development prospects. The possibility of reaching technological autonomy and digital sovereignty for the EU and its member states depends, for the time being, on this European policy.

5G 被认为是社会的一项关键技术，但其实施目前饱受争议。除了技术方面，5G 已成为许多国家的安全和国家利益问题以及国际政策问题。技术自主和数字主权越来越被视为全球范围内的战略重点。在此背景下，欧盟的立场是独一无二的，主要有两个原因。一方面，欧盟无意中成为美中科技公司和5G争端的一部分。另一方面，欧盟或其成员国的任何政策都受到 5G 作为欧洲或国家能力领域的性质的限制。他们的权限划分不明确，就像他们的 5G 责任没有透明和可理解的区别一样。为了澄清这种情况，有必要对欧洲的能力和法律框架进行全面分析。之后，对这一欧洲政策演变过程的研究提供了其范围和局限性的概述。最后，本文解释了这项欧洲政策的程序和工具，并通过评估其实施和发展前景得出结论。欧盟及其成员国实现技术自主和数字主权的可能性目前取决于这项欧洲政策。对这一欧洲政策演变过程的研究概述了其范围和限制。最后，本文解释了这项欧洲政策的程序和工具，并通过评估其实施和发展前景得出结论。欧盟及其成员国实现技术自主和数字主权的可能性目前取决于这项欧洲政策。对这一欧洲政策演变过程的研究概述了其范围和限制。最后，本文解释了这项欧洲政策的程序和工具，并通过评估其实施和发展前景得出结论。欧盟及其成员国实现技术自主和数字主权的可能性目前取决于这项欧洲政策。