Given the interconnectedness of climate change and sustainable development, policymakers and scholars have started to investigate how climate actions can contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and vice versa. To date, research has mainly focused on the national and international levels, while little is known about the interlinkages between climate actions and the SDGs at the transnational level. Not only nation states, but also non-state actors undertake ambitious actions designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to promote sustainable development. Using content analysis and network analysis techniques, we examine the interlinkages between the climate actions of 72 transnational initiatives and the 169 targets of the 17 SDGs. We find that actions of 71 initiatives contribute to achieving 16 SDGs, thus generating valuable co-benefits. Besides SDG 13 on climate action and SDG 17 on partnerships for the goals, transnational climate actions frequently address SDGs 9 on industry, innovation and infrastructure, SDG 7 on affordable and clean energy, and SDG 12 on responsible consumption and production. While SDG 3 on good health and well-being and SDG 4 on quality education are barely addressed, SDG 5 on gender equality is not at all covered by transnational climate actions. Additionally, the network reveals that SDG 9 is highly synergistic with many other frequently addressed SDGs and functions as an important connector between them. Finally, our results indicate that transnational initiatives fill a governance gap left by states with regards to SDG 12. Climate initiatives of non-state actors can thus complement state-led actions to implement the Paris Agreement and the SDGs jointly.

鉴于气候变化与可持续发展的相互关联，政策制定者和学者已开始研究气候行动如何有助于实现可持续发展目标 (SDG)，反之亦然。迄今为止，研究主要集中在国家和国际层面，而对跨国层面气候行动与可持续发展目标之间的相互联系知之甚少。不仅民族国家，而且非国家行为者也采取雄心勃勃的行动，旨在减少温室气体排放和促进可持续发展。我们使用内容分析和网络分析技术，研究了 72 项跨国倡议的气候行动与 17 项可持续发展目标的 169 项具体目标之间的相互联系。我们发现 71 项举措的行动有助于实现 16 个可持续发展目标，从而产生宝贵的协同效益。除了关于气候行动的 SDG 13 和关于合作伙伴关系的 SDG 17，跨国气候行动经常涉及关于工业、创新和基础设施的 SDG 9、关于负担得起的清洁能源的 SDG 7 以及关于负责任的消费和生产的 SDG 12。虽然关于良好健康和福祉的可持续发展目标 3 和关于优质教育的可持续发展目标 4 几乎没有得到解决，但关于性别平等的可持续发展目标 5 根本没有被跨国气候行动所涵盖。此外，该网络显示，可持续发展目标 9 与许多其他经常提及的可持续发展目标高度协同，并作为它们之间的重要连接器发挥作用。最后，我们的结果表明，跨国倡议填补了各国在可持续发展目标 12 方面留下的治理空白。