Anthropogenic sounds are pollution that is not always evaluated in the environment in general and near wildlife in particular. Non-electric off-road vehicles (ORVs) are used in most wildlife reserves of India for ecotourism purposes in the form of wildlife-viewing safaris. We hypothesized that the e-vehicles would allow a closer approach to wildlife, reducing the flight-initiation distance (FID) to their normal behaviors. In order to understand the effects of noise, we evaluated the difference between the safari-ORVs regulated by the Indian Forest Department and six electric ORVs in the Jhalana Reserve Forest in Jaipur, Rajasthan. We used a mixed model approach. We found that mammals showed longer escape behavior when approached by non-electric cars (Gypsy ORVs) than by electric cars, even considering the effects of the initial distance. The level of noise produced by the two types of cars used in the experiment was different, with the Gypsy ORVs (non-electric) significantly louder than the Mahindra e-vehicles. FID was positively correlated with initial and alarm distances in all animal species. We commend this novel idea of the Rajasthan Forest Service and encourage them to further acquire and replace all of the non-electric ORVs with the e-vehicles for recreational wildlife viewing. An implication of this study is better management of wildlife watching for ecotourists with reduced disturbance and stress to the wild animals.

人为声音是在一般环境中，尤其是野生动物附近的环境中并不总是被评估的污染。印度的大多数野生动物保护区都使用非电动越野车 (ORV)，以野生动物观赏之旅的形式进行生态旅游。我们假设电动汽车将允许更接近野生动物，减少飞行起始距离 (FID) 到它们的正常行为。为了了解噪音的影响，我们评估了印度森林部门监管的 safari-ORV 与拉贾斯坦邦斋浦尔 Jhalana 保护区森林中的 6 个电动 ORV 之间的差异。我们使用了混合模型方法。我们发现，哺乳动物在被非电动汽车（吉普赛 ORV）接近时比电动汽车表现出更长的逃跑行为，即使考虑到初始距离的影响。实验中使用的两种汽车产生的噪音水平不同，Gypsy ORV（非电动）明显高于 Mahindra 电动汽车。FID 与所有动物物种的初始距离和警报距离呈正相关。我们赞扬拉贾斯坦邦林务局的这一新颖想法，并鼓励他们进一步购买所有非电动 ORV，并将其替换为用于观赏野生动物的电动汽车。这项研究的一个意义是更好地管理野生动物观赏生态旅游者，减少对野生动物的干扰和压力。我们赞扬拉贾斯坦邦林务局的这一新颖想法，并鼓励他们进一步购买所有非电动 ORV，并将其替换为用于观赏野生动物的电动汽车。这项研究的一个意义是更好地管理野生动物观赏生态旅游者，减少对野生动物的干扰和压力。我们赞扬拉贾斯坦邦林务局的这一新颖想法，并鼓励他们进一步购买所有非电动 ORV，并将其替换为用于观赏野生动物的电动汽车。这项研究的一个意义是更好地管理野生动物观赏生态旅游者，减少对野生动物的干扰和压力。