The field of nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving field driven by the need for safer and more efficient therapies as well as ultrasensitive and fast diagnostics. Although the advantages of nanoparticles for diagnostic and therapeutic applications are unambiguous, in vivo requirements, including low toxicity, long blood circulation time, proper clearance, sufficient stability, and reproducible synthesis have, in most cases, bedeviled their clinical translation. Nevertheless, researchers have the opportunity to have a decisive influence on the future of nanomedicine by developing new multifunctional molecules and adapting the material design to the requirements. Ultimately, the goal is to find the right level of functionality without adding unnecessary complexity to the system. This article aims to emphasize the potential and current challenges of nanoparticle-based medical agents and highlights how smart and functional material design considerations can help to overcome many of the current limitations and increase the clinical value of nanoparticles.

中文翻译：

---

优化纳米颗粒设计和表面修饰以实现临床转化。

纳米医学领域是一个快速发展的领域，由对更安全、更有效的疗法以及超灵敏和快速诊断的需求推动。尽管纳米粒子在诊断和治疗应用中的优势是明确的，但在大多数情况下，在体内的要求，包括低毒性、长血液循环时间、适当的清除、足够的稳定性和可重复的合成，都阻碍了它们的临床转化。尽管如此，研究人员仍有机会通过开发新的多功能分子并使材料设计适应要求，对纳米医学的未来产生决定性影响。最终，目标是在不给系统增加不必要的复杂性的情况下找到合适的功能级别。