Background Low physical activity levels are a major problem for people in hospital and are associated with adverse outcomes. Objective This systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression aimed to determine the effect of behaviour change interventions on physical activity levels in hospitalised patients. Methods Randomised controlled trials of behaviour change interventions to increase physical activity in hospitalised patients were selected from a database search, supplemented by reference list checking and citation tracking. Data were synthesised with random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression analyses, applying Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. The primary outcome was objectively measured physical activity. Secondary measures were patient-related outcomes (e.g. mobility), service level outcomes (e.g. length of stay), adverse events and patient satisfaction. Results Twenty randomised controlled trials of behaviour change interventions involving 2,568 participants (weighted mean age 67 years) included six trials with a high risk of bias. There was moderate-certainty evidence that behaviour change interventions increased physical activity levels (SMD 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.55). Findings in relation to mobility and length of stay were inconclusive. Adverse events were poorly reported. Meta-regression found behaviour change techniques of goal setting (SMD 0.29, 95% CI 0.05–0.53) and feedback (excluding high risk of bias trials) (SMD 0.35, 95% CI 0.11–0.60) were independently associated with increased physical activity. Conclusions Targeted behaviour change interventions were associated with increases in physical activity in hospitalised patients. The trials in this review were inconclusive in relation to the patient-related or health service benefits of increasing physical activity in hospital.

中文翻译：

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行为改变干预以增加住院患者的身体活动：系统评价、荟萃分析和荟萃回归

背景 低体力活动水平是住院患者的主要问题，并与不良后果相关。目的 本系统回顾、荟萃分析和荟萃回归旨在确定行为改变干预对住院患者身体活动水平的影响。方法 从数据库搜索中选择行为改变干预措施以增加住院患者身体活动的随机对照试验，并辅以参考文献清单检查和引文跟踪。数据通过随机效应荟萃分析和荟萃回归分析进行综合，应用推荐等级、评估、发展和评估标准。主要结果是客观测量的身体活动。次要测量是与患者相关的结果（例如移动性），服务水平结果（例如住院时间）、不良事件和患者满意度。结果 涉及 2,568 名参与者（加权平均年龄 67 岁）的 20 项行为改变干预随机对照试验包括 6 项具有高偏倚风险的试验。有中等质量证据表明行为改变干预增加了身体活动水平（SMD 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.55）。关于流动性和逗留时间的调查结果尚无定论。不良事件报告很少。元回归发现目标设定（SMD 0.29, 95% CI 0.05–0.53）和反馈（不包括高偏倚风险试验）（SMD 0.35, 95% CI 0.11–0.60）的行为改变技术与增加的体力活动独立相关。结论 有针对性的行为改变干预与住院患者身体活动的增加有关。本综述中的试验在医院增加身体活动对患者相关或健康服务的益处方面尚无定论。