Vaccines represent preventative interventions amenable to immunogenetic prediction of how human variability will influence their safety and efficacy. The genetic polymorphism among individuals within any population can render possible that the immunity elicited by a vaccine is variable in length and strength. The same immune challenge (virus and/or vaccine) could provoke partial, complete or even failed protection for some individuals treated under the same conditions. We review genetic variants and mechanistic relationships among chemokines, chemokine receptors, interleukins, interferons, interferon receptors, toll-like receptors, histocompatibility antigens, various immunoglobulins and major histocompatibility complex antigens. These are the targets for variation among macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T- and B-lymphocytes, and complement. The technology platforms (mRNA, viral vectors, proteins) utilized to produce vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infections may each trigger genetically distinct immune reactogenic profiles. With DNA biobanking and immunoprofiling of recipients, global COVID-19 vaccinations could launch a new era of personalized healthcare.

中文翻译：

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个性化健康和冠状病毒疫苗——个人基因重要吗？

疫苗代表了预防性干预措施，可用于对人类变异性将如何影响其安全性和有效性进行免疫遗传学预测。任何种群内个体之间的遗传多态性都可能使疫苗引起的免疫在长度和强度上发生变化。对于在相同条件下接受治疗的某些个体，相同的免疫攻击（病毒和/或疫苗）可能会引起部分、完全甚至失败的保护。我们回顾了趋化因子、趋化因子受体、白介素、干扰素、干扰素受体、toll 样受体、组织相容性抗原、各种免疫球蛋白和主要组织相容性复合体抗原之间的遗传变异和机制关系。这些是巨噬细胞、树突细胞、自然杀伤细胞、T 和 B 淋巴细胞之间变异的目标，和补充。用于生产针对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的疫苗的技术平台（mRNA、病毒载体、蛋白质）可能各自触发基因上不同的免疫反应原谱。通过 DNA 生物样本库和接受者的免疫分析，全球 COVID-19 疫苗接种可以开启个性化医疗的新时代。