Parking vehicles in densely populated areas are often challenging, stressful, and sometimes it becomes a monotonous job for the drivers in jam-packed areas. There are several reasons for the delay in finding parking spaces such as scarcity of parking slots, disordered or unmanaged parking of vehicles, lacking or unaware of parking information at the destination, which further leads to the wastage of time, fuel, energy and increase in environmental pollution. Literature has revealed a significant number of smart parking solutions based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and context-awareness with the incorporation of routing strategies and vehicle detection techniques in a pervasive computing environment. With the rapid escalation of the smart and intelligent devices along with their applicability in a highly decentralized environment, real-time traffic monitoring, and finding parking spaces have become quite trivial. Smart parking sensors and technologies assist drivers in finding vacant parking slots while they are on the way to their destination. Considering the needs, wants, and demands of metropolitan cities, in this article, we have reviewed the recently published articles, mostly from the last 5 years, on smart parking systems augmented with sensors, embedded systems, context-awareness capability, and IoT which yields in saving time, fuel, energy, and reduces the stress of the drivers. To accomplish this, we have reviewed different models on smart parking solutions based on algorithmic formalisms, theoretical frameworks, formal models, smart device-based prototypes as well as real-time applications, and verifying the correctness properties of the system. The results shown may provide a base for the state of the art future research directions.

中文翻译：

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城市智能停车系统调查

在人口稠密的地区停放车辆往往具有挑战性和压力，有时对于拥挤地区的司机来说是一项单调的工作。造成停车位延误的原因有很多，例如停车位稀缺、车辆停车无序或无管理、缺乏或不了解目的地的停车信息，这进一步导致时间、燃料、能源的浪费和增加环境污染。文献揭示了大量基于物联网 (IoT) 和情境感知的智能停车解决方案，并将路由策略和车辆检测技术结合到普适计算环境中。随着智能和智能设备的快速升级以及它们在高度分散的环境中的适用性，实时交通监控和寻找停车位变得非常简单。智能停车传感器和技术可帮助驾驶员在前往目的地的途中找到空置的停车位。考虑到大都市的需求、需求和需求，在本文中，我们回顾了最近发表的文章，主要来自过去 5 年，这些文章主要是关于配备传感器、嵌入式系统、情境感知能力和物联网的智能停车系统，节省时间、燃料、能源，并减轻驾驶员的压力。为此，我们回顾了基于算法形式、理论框架、形式模型、基于智能设备的原型以及实时应用的智能停车解决方案的不同模型，并验证了系统的正确性。