Photoredox chemistry with organic or transition metal agents has been reviewed in earlier years, but such is the pace of progress that we will overlap very little with earlier comprehensive reviews. This review first presents an overview of the area of research and then examines recent examples of C–C, C–N, C–O and C–S bond formations via radical intermediates with transition metal and organic radical promoters. Recent successes with Birch reductions are also included. The transition metal chemistry will be restricted to photocatalysts based on the most widely used metals, Ru and Ir, but includes coupling chemistries that take advantage of low-valent nickel, or occasionally copper, complexes to process the radicals that are formed. Our focus is on developments in the past 10 years (2011–2021). This period has also seen great advances in the chemistry of organic photoredox reagents and the review covers this area. The review is intended to present highlights and is not comprehensive.

中文翻译：

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由（i）钌、（ii）铱和（iii）有机光氧化还原剂引发的可见光激活自由基偶联反应的最新进展

早些年已经对使用有机或过渡金属试剂的光氧化还原化学进行了审查，但由于进展速度如此之快，我们与早期的综合审查几乎没有重叠。这篇综述第一呈现的研究的区域的概述，然后检查C-C，C-N，C-O和C-S键形成的最近的例子通过具有过渡金属和有机自由基促进剂的自由基中间体。还包括最近在减少 Birch 方面取得的成功。过渡金属化学将仅限于基于最广泛使用的金属 Ru 和 Ir 的光催化剂，但包括利用低价镍或偶尔铜配合物来处理形成的自由基的偶联化学。我们的重点是过去 10 年（2011-2021 年）的发展。这一时期也见证了有机光氧化还原试剂化学的巨大进步，该综述涵盖了这一领域。该评论旨在展示亮点，并不全面。