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Late Neogene megariver captures and the Great Amazonian Biotic Interchange
Global and Planetary Change ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103554
James S. Albert 1 , Maxwell J. Bernt 2 , Aaron H. Fronk 3 , Joao P. Fontenelle 4 , Shannon L. Kuznar 3 , Nathan R. Lovejoy 5
Affiliation  

Recently published time-calibrated molecular phylogenies have brought to light a large-scale biotic interchange between the Western and Eastern Amazon basins, associated with the late Neogene (c. 10–4.5 Ma) uplift of the Northern Andes and formation of the modern transcontinental Amazon river. This important macroevolutionary event was previously overlooked due to poor understanding of alpha taxonomy and geographic distributions, lack of species-dense phylogenetic analyses, and insufficient methods for estimating biogeographic range evolution and lineage divergence times. Rapid improvements in all these areas have now provided the community with a corpus of historical biogeographic studies using species-dense and time-calibrated molecular phylogenies of plant and animal taxa distributed across Greater Amazonia. In this study we present historical biogeographic analyses of two clades of freshwater fishes (potamotrygonid stingrays and apteronotid electric fishes), and synthesize these results with those of 18 other published studies of Amazonian taxa, including riverine and upland (terra firme) clades of plants (n = 5), insects (n = 2), and representatives of all five vertebrate classes; i.e. fishes (n = 4) amphibians (n = 3), non-avian reptiles (n = 2), birds (n = 2), and mammals (n = 2). Our results support the hypothesis that tectonically-driven megariver capture events facilitated a massive biotic interchange between the Western and Eastern Amazon basins, which we name the Great Amazonian Biotic Interchange. These same megacapture events also separated the modern Amazon and Orinoco basins, contributing to the biotic distinctiveness of these megadiverse regions, and thereby elevating the total biodiversity of Greater Amazonia. The results highlight the role of large and rare (Black Swan) landscape evolution events in preserving and promoting biodiversity that had accumulated over tens of millions of years and across the whole of the South American continental platform.



中文翻译:

新近纪晚期巨型河流捕获和大亚马逊生物交换

最近发表的时间校准分子系统发育揭示了西部和东部亚马逊盆地之间的大规模生物交换,这与新近纪晚期(约 10-4.5 Ma)北安第斯山脉的隆起和现代横贯大陆亚马逊的形成有关河。由于对 alpha 分类学和地理分布的了解不足,缺乏物种密集的系统发育分析,以及估计生物地理范围演化和谱系分化时间的方法不足,这一重要的宏观进化事件以前被忽视了。所有这些领域的快速改进现在为社区提供了历史生物地理学研究的资料库,使用分布在大亚马逊地区的植物和动物类群的物种密集和时间校准分子系统发育。terra Firme ) 植物进化枝 ( n  = 5)、昆虫 ( n  = 2) 和所有五个脊椎动物类的代表;即鱼类 ( n  = 4) 两栖动物 ( n  = 3)、非鸟类爬行动物 ( n = 2)、鸟类 (n = 2) 和哺乳动物 (n = 2)。我们的结果支持以下假设:构造驱动的巨型河流捕获事件促进了西部和东部亚马逊盆地之间的大规模生物交换,我们将其命名为大亚马逊生物交换。这些相同的大型捕获事件也将现代亚马逊流域和奥里诺科河流域分隔开来,为这些大型生物多样性地区的生物独特性做出了贡献,从而提升了大亚马逊地区的总体生物多样性。结果突出了大型和罕见(黑天鹅)景观演化事件在保护和促进在整个南美大陆平台上积累了数千万年的生物多样性方面的作用。

更新日期:2021-08-07
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