The research tradition on social relationships, social networks, and health dates back to the beginning of sociology. As exemplified in the classic work of Durkheim, Simmel, and Tönnies, social relationships and social networks play a double-edged—protective and detrimental—role for health. However, this double-edged role has been given unbalanced attention. In comparison to the salubrious role, the deleterious role has received less scrutiny and needs a focused review and conceptual integration. This article selectively reviews the post-2000 studies that demonstrate the harmful physical and mental health consequences of social relationships (intimate relationships and parenthood) and social networks. It uses a parsimonious three-category typology—structural forms, structural composition, and contents—to categorize relationship and network properties and proposes the social cost model, in contrast to the social resource model, to synthesize and integrate the adverse aspects of these properties. It concludes with future research directions.

关于社会关系、社交网络和健康的研究传统可以追溯到社会学的开端。正如涂尔干、齐美尔和 Tönnies 的经典著作所证明的那样，社会关系和社交网络对健康起着双重保护和有害作用。然而，这种双刃剑的作用却受到了不平衡的关注。与有益角色相比，有害角色受到的审查较少，需要重点审查和概念整合。本文有选择地回顾了 2000 年后的研究，这些研究证明了社会关系（亲密关系和父母身份）和社交网络对身心健康的有害后果。它使用简约的三类类型学——结构形式、结构组合、和内容——对关系和网络属性进行分类并提出社会成本模型，相对于社会资源模型，综合和整合这些属性的不利方面。它总结了未来的研究方向。