As the primary microtubule-organizing center in animal cells, centrosomes regulate microtubule cytoskeleton to support various cellular behaviors. They also serve as the base for nucleating primary cilia, the hub of diverse signaling pathways. Cells typically possess one centrosome that contains two inequal centrioles and undergoes semi-conservative duplication during cell division, resulting in two centrosomes with an inherent asymmetry in age and properties. While the centrosome is ubiquitously present, mutations of centrosome proteins are strongly associated with human microcephaly characterized by a small cerebral cortex, underscoring the importance of an intact centrosome in supporting cortical neurogenesis. Here we review recent advances on centrosome regulation and function in mammalian cortical neural progenitors and discuss the implications for a better understanding of cortical neurogenesis and related disease mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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哺乳动物皮质神经发生中的中心体调节和功能。

作为动物细胞中主要的微管组织中心，中心体调节微管细胞骨架以支持各种细胞行为。它们还作为初级纤毛成核的基础，初级纤毛是多种信号通路的枢纽。细胞通常具有一个中心体，该中心体包含两个不等的中心粒，并在细胞分裂过程中进行半保守复制，导致两个中心体在年龄和特性上具有固有的不对称性。虽然中心体无处不在，但中心体蛋白的突变与以小大脑皮层为特征的人类小头畸形密切相关，强调了完整中心体在支持皮质神经发生中的重要性。