Grain morphology is an important agronomic trait since its strongly associated with thousand kernel weight, which is one of the main objectives for high–yield wheat breeding. The grain morphology–related traits were controlled by QTLs which were pyramided in wheat cultivars. To detect more genetic variants for grain morphology–related traits in improved varieties, a panel of 543 wheat accessions were phenotyped at three locations over 2 years with seven grain morphology–related traits: grain length (GL), grain width (GW), ratio of GL to GW, grain diameter, grain roundness, grain circumference, and grain surface area. Combined with 90 K Illumina iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, a total of 47 significance SNPs on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4B, 5B, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B were detected. An analysis of all loci identified 400 candidate genes, 22 of which included at least one significant SNP. The functional characterization of these candidate genes provided new insights into the genetic basis of wheat grain morphology.

籽粒形态是一个重要的农艺性状，因为它与千粒重密切相关，这是高产小麦育种的主要目标之一。谷物形态相关性状受小麦品种中金字塔状的 QTL 控制。为了检测改良品种中谷物形态相关性状的更多遗传变异，在 2 年内在三个地点对 543 个小麦种质进行了表型分析，具有七个谷物形态相关性状：粒长 (GL)、粒宽 (GW)、比率GL 到 GW、晶粒直径、晶粒圆度、晶粒周长和晶粒表面积。结合 90 K Illumina iSelect 单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 阵列，在染色体 1A、1B、2A、2B、2D、3A、3B、3D、4B、5B、6A、6B、6D 和 7B 上共有 47 个显着的 SNP被检测到。对所有基因座的分析确定了 400 个候选基因，其中 22 个包含至少一个重要的 SNP。这些候选基因的功能表征为小麦籽粒形态的遗传基础提供了新的见解。