The past 25 years have witnessed an explosion of investigative attempts to identify clinically useful biomarkers which can have meaningful impacts for patients with urologic cancers. However, in spite of the enormous amount of research aiming to identify markers with the hope of impacting patient care, only a handful have proven to have true clinical utility. Improvements in targeted imaging, pan-omics evaluation, and genetic sequencing at the tissue and single-cell levels have yielded many potential targets for continued biomarker investigation. This article, as one in this series for the 25th Anniversary Issue of Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, serves to give a perspective on our progress and failures over the past quarter-century in our highest volume urologic cancers: prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers.

在过去的 25 年中，我们见证了大量的研究尝试来确定临床上有用的生物标志物，这些生物标志物可以对泌尿系统癌症患者产生有意义的影响。然而，尽管有大量研究旨在识别标志物以期影响患者护理，但只有少数被证明具有真正的临床效用。在组织和单细胞水平上靶向成像、泛组学评估和基因测序的改进已经产生了许多潜在的目标，用于继续进行生物标志物研究。这篇文章是泌尿肿瘤学 25 周年纪念刊的系列文章之一：研讨会和原始调查，旨在就过去 25 年我们在泌尿系统癌症（前列腺癌、膀胱癌和膀胱癌）中的进展和失败提供一个视角肾癌。