INTRODUCTION The study investigated the directionality of associations between mental health problems and school grades across two timepoints (T1 and T2) during mid to late adolescence; in school year 9 (ages 15-16) and school year 12 (ages 17-18). The study also investigated variation in the associations as a function of gender and across socioeconomic groups. METHODS Longitudinal data from several Swedish administrative registers were utilised. Information on prescribed psychotropic drugs was used as a proxy for mental health problems, and teacher-assigned school grades were used to measure academic performance. The study sample comprised 85 186 individuals (50.7% girls) born in 1991 who were alive and resident in Sweden in 2010. Directions of associations were analysed by estimating a series of cross-lagged path models. RESULTS The model with the best fit to data showed that higher school grades at T1 were associated with relatively lower rates of mental health problems by T2, for both boys and girls, mainly in socioeconomic groups with the highest educated parents. This association was equal in size across all of the socioeconomic groups that were explored. CONCLUSIONS Performing well in school is equally important for boys' and girls' subsequent mental health, but only among adolescents in socioeconomic groups with the highest educated parents. The results underscore the importance of promoting opportunities for youth to do as well as they can in school.

中文翻译：

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青春期精神药物使用和学业成绩：交叉滞后路径分析。

引言 该研究调查了青春期中期至晚期两个时间点（T1 和 T2）中心理健康问题与学校成绩之间关联的方向性；在 9 学年（15-16 岁）和 12 学年（17-18 岁）。该研究还调查了作为性别和跨社会经济群体的函数的关联变化。方法 使用了来自几个瑞典行政登记册的纵向数据。处方精神药物的信息被用作心理健康问题的代理，教师指定的学校成绩被用来衡量学业成绩。研究样本包括 1991 年出生的 85186 人（50.7% 为女孩），2010 年还活着并居住在瑞典。通过估计一系列交叉滞后路径模型来分析关联方向。结果 最适合数据的模型显示，T1 的较高学校成绩与 T2 的心理健康问题发生率相对较低相关，男孩和女孩，主要是父母受教育程度最高的社会经济群体。这种关联在所探索的所有社会经济群体中的规模相等。结论 在学校表现良好对男孩和女孩随后的心理健康同样重要，但仅限于父母受教育程度最高的社会经济群体中的青少年。结果强调了促进青年在学校尽其所能的机会的重要性。主要是父母受教育程度最高的社会经济群体。这种关联在所探索的所有社会经济群体中的规模相等。结论 在学校表现良好对男孩和女孩随后的心理健康同样重要，但仅限于父母受教育程度最高的社会经济群体中的青少年。结果强调了促进青年在学校尽其所能的机会的重要性。主要是父母受教育程度最高的社会经济群体。这种关联在所探索的所有社会经济群体中的规模相等。结论 在学校表现良好对男孩和女孩随后的心理健康同样重要，但仅限于父母受教育程度最高的社会经济群体中的青少年。结果强调了促进青年在学校尽其所能的机会的重要性。