The hardwood is a natural composite, which finds applications in many fields such as an important building material. Attention was paid to the accurate description of the European beech wood under high strain rates in order to constitute a reliable input for the finite element method. It was done on the basis of split Hopkinson tensile bar tests, taking also into consideration the previously reported pressure bar tests to capture the tensile–compressive failure asymmetry, which was incorporated through the stress triaxiality. Strains measured on the steel bars for specimens oriented in all principal loading directions were used to calibrate the fully orthotropic behaviour of elasticity, plasticity and fracture. The concept of continuum damage mechanics was applied to the damage accumulation in order to simulate the crack propagation within explicit finite elements realistically.

硬木是一种天然复合材料，在许多领域都有应用，例如一种重要的建筑材料。注意在高应变率下对欧洲山毛榉木材的准确描述，以便为有限元方法提供可靠的输入。它是在拆分霍普金森拉伸杆测试的基础上完成的，还考虑了先前报道的压力杆测试以捕获拉伸 - 压缩破坏不对称性，这是通过应力三轴性合并的。在所有主要载荷方向取向的试样的钢筋上测量的应变用于校准弹性、塑性和断裂的完全正交各向异性行为。