Gliomatosis peritonei (GP) is a rare clinical condition characterized by presence of mature glial cells in the peritoneum. Growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) is described as an uncommon phenomenon that could be related to the incidence of non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. We report a case of a patient treated for immature ovarian teratoma, in whom both GP and GTS were observed, an association to date scarcely described in literature.

A 15-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with severe pain in her lower abdomen and right lumbar region. Upon admission, concentration of α-fetoprotein (AFP) was 1500 ng/mL and β−human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) less than 2 ng/mL. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdominal cavity and pelvis confirmed the presence of an anomalous mass in the abdominal cavity and pelvis. Initial surgery was performed. Histopathology revealed the presence of immature teratoma with epithelial elements. Normalization of AFP was achieved within 8 weeks. Five months after surgery, a progressive increase in AFP was noted. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT scans of the pelvis minor showed local relapse. Evaluation of the remission after 2 blocks of preoperative chemotherapy revealed the presence of a large tumor mass in the pelvis minor, despite normalization of the AFP concentration. After opening the abdominal walls, numerous abnormal white nodules were observed in the peritoneum. Histopathology revealed the presence of mature glial tissue (gliomatosis peritonei). The remaining tumor mass was removed, and histopathology confirmed existence of mature teratoma (growing teratoma syndrome). Postoperative chemotherapy was continued. To date, the patient remains under clinical and laboratory remission. Concomitant incidence of GP and GTS, although rare, should always be taken into consideration in pediatric patients with diagnosis of either condition.

腹膜胶质瘤病（GP）是一种罕见的临床疾病，其特征是腹膜中存在成熟的神经胶质细胞。生长性畸胎瘤综合征 (GTS) 被描述为一种罕见的现象，可能与非精原细胞瘤的发生率有关。我们报告了一例治疗未成熟卵巢畸胎瘤的患者，在该患者中观察到 GP 和 GTS，迄今为止文献中几乎没有描述这种关联。

一名 15 岁女孩因下腹部和右腰部剧烈疼痛而到急诊科就诊。入院时，甲胎蛋白 (AFP) 浓度为 1500 ng/mL，β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (β-hCG) 浓度低于 2 ng/mL。腹腔和骨盆的计算机断层扫描 (CT) 扫描证实腹腔和骨盆中存在异常肿块。进行了初步手术。组织病理学显示存在带有上皮成分的未成熟畸胎瘤。AFP 正常化在 8 周内实现。手术后五个月，注意到 AFP 逐渐增加。小骨盆的磁共振成像 (MRI) 和 CT 扫描显示局部复发。评估 2 块术前化疗后的缓解情况显示，小骨盆存在较大的肿瘤肿块，尽管 AFP 浓度正常化。打开腹壁后，在腹膜内观察到许多异常的白色结节。组织病理学显示存在成熟的神经胶质组织（腹膜神经胶质瘤病）。切除剩余的肿瘤块，组织病理学证实存在成熟畸胎瘤（生长性畸胎瘤综合征）。术后继续化疗。迄今为止，该患者仍处于临床和实验室缓解期。GP 和 GTS 的伴随发病率虽然很少见，但在诊断为这两种疾病的儿科患者中应始终考虑到这一点。切除剩余的肿瘤块，组织病理学证实存在成熟畸胎瘤（生长性畸胎瘤综合征）。术后继续化疗。迄今为止，该患者仍处于临床和实验室缓解期。GP 和 GTS 的伴随发病率虽然很少见，但在诊断为这两种疾病的儿科患者中应始终考虑到这一点。切除剩余的肿瘤块，组织病理学证实存在成熟畸胎瘤（生长性畸胎瘤综合征）。术后继续化疗。迄今为止，该患者仍处于临床和实验室缓解期。GP 和 GTS 的伴随发病率虽然很少见，但在诊断为这两种疾病的儿科患者中应始终考虑到这一点。