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One but not two grandmothers increased child survival in poorer families in west Bohemian population, 1708–1834
Behavioral Ecology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-08 , DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab077
Jan Havlíček 1 , Petr Tureček 2 , Alice Velková 3
Affiliation  

Human childrearing is characterized by cooperative care and grandmothers are usually the most prominent alloparents. Nevertheless, it has been argued that limited resources may intensify competition among kin. The effect of grandmothers’ presence on child survival may thus crucially depend on the family’s socioeconomic status. We evaluate the impact of grandmothers’ presence on child survival using a large historical dataset from eighteenth to nineteenth-century western Bohemia (N = 6880) and assess the effects of socioeconomic status. We employed a varying effects model conditioned on relatedness between individuals because of possible genetically transmitted benefits. Proportional hazards showed that grandmothers had little or no impact on child survival in families of high and medium socioeconomic status (farmers and cottagers, respectively), whereas in families with the lowest socioeconomic status (lodgers), grandmothers’ presence increased the survival probability of children up to five years of age. The beneficial effect of grandmaternal care was strongest between the first and second years of life. Importantly, though, in families with low socioeconomic status, we also observed lower survival chances of children when both grandmothers lived in the same village. These findings suggest that the balance between kin cooperation in childrearing and competition over resources may depend on resource availability.

中文翻译:

1708-1834 年,一位但不是两位祖母提高了西波希米亚人口中较贫困家庭的儿童存活率

人类育儿的特点是合作照顾,祖母通常是最突出的异母。然而,有人认为有限的资源可能会加剧亲属之间的竞争。因此,祖母的存在对儿童生存的影响可能在很大程度上取决于家庭的社会经济地位。我们使用 18 至 19 世纪西波希米亚 (N = 6880) 的大型历史数据集评估祖母的存在对儿童生存的影响,并评估社会经济地位的影响。由于可能的遗传传播益处,我们采用了以个体之间的相关性为条件的不同效应模型。比例风险表明,祖母对中高社会经济地位家庭(分别为农民和农夫)的儿童生存影响很小或没有影响,而在社会经济地位最低的家庭(寄宿者)中,祖母的存在提高了五岁以下儿童的生存概率。祖母护理的有益效果在生命的第一年和第二年之间最强。不过,重要的是,在社会经济地位较低的家庭中,我们还观察到,当两​​位祖母住在同一个村庄时,孩子的生存机会较低。这些研究结果表明,在育儿方面的亲属合作与资源竞争之间的平衡可能取决于资源的可用性。但是,在社会经济地位较低的家庭中,我们也观察到,当两​​位祖母住在同一个村庄时,孩子的生存机会也较低。这些研究结果表明,在育儿方面的亲属合作与资源竞争之间的平衡可能取决于资源的可用性。但是,在社会经济地位较低的家庭中,我们也观察到,当两​​位祖母住在同一个村庄时,孩子的生存机会也较低。这些研究结果表明,在育儿方面的亲属合作与资源竞争之间的平衡可能取决于资源的可用性。
更新日期:2021-06-08
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