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A novel zebrafish model for intermediate type spinal muscular atrophy demonstrates importance of Smn for maintenance of mature motor neurons
Human Molecular Genetics ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 , DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab212
Shermaine Huiping Tay 1 , Erna Nur Ellieyana 1 , Yao Le 1 , Menachem Viktor Sarusie 1 , Clemens Grimm 2 , Jürgen Ohmer 2 , Ajay S Mathuru 3, 4, 5 , Utz Fischer 2 , Christoph Winkler 1
Affiliation  

A deficiency in Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein results in motor neuron loss in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients. Human SMN is encoded by SMN1 and SMN2 that differ by a single C6T transition in a splice regulatory region of exon 7. In SMN2, exon 7 is skipped leading to an unstable protein, which cannot compensate for SMN1 loss in SMA patients. The disease severity of human SMA (Types 1–4) depends on the levels of SMN protein, with intermediate levels leading to delayed disease onset and extended life expectancy in Type 2 patients. We used homology directed repair (HDR) to generate a zebrafish mutant with intermediate Smn levels, to mimic intermediate, hSMN2 dependent forms of SMA. In the obtained smnA6Tind27 mutant zebrafish, Smn protein formed oligomers but protein levels dropped significantly at juvenile stages. Motor neurons and neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) also formed normally initially but motor neuron loss and locomotor deficiencies became evident at 21 days. Subsequent muscle wasting and early adult lethality also phenocopied intermediate forms of human SMA. Together, our findings are consistent with the interpretation that Smn is required for neuromuscular maintenance, and establish the smnA6Tind27 zebrafish mutant as a novel model for intermediate types of SMA. As this mutant allows studying the effect of late Smn loss on motor neurons, neuromuscular junctions, and muscle at advanced stages of the disease, it will be a valuable resource for testing new drugs targeted towards treating intermediate forms of SMA.

中文翻译:

一种新的中型脊髓性肌萎缩斑马鱼模型证明了 Smn 对维持成熟运动神经元的重要性

生存运动神经元 (SMN) 蛋白的缺乏导致脊髓性肌萎缩 (SMA) 患者的运动神经元丢失。人类 SMN 由 SMN1 和 SMN2 编码,其不同之处在于外显子 7 的剪接调节区域中的单个 C6T 转换。在 SMN2 中,外显子 7 被跳过,导致蛋白质不稳定,无法补偿 SMA 患者的 SMN1 损失。人类 SMA(1-4 型)的疾病严重程度取决于 SMN 蛋白的水平,中间水平会导致 2 型患者疾病发作延迟和预期寿命延长。我们使用同源定向修复 (HDR) 来生成具有中间 Smn 水平的斑马鱼突变体,以模拟中间的、hSMN2 依赖性形式的 SMA。在获得的smnA6Tind27突变斑马鱼中,Smn蛋白形成寡聚体,但在幼鱼期蛋白水平显着下降。运动神经元和神经肌肉接头 (NMJ) 最初也正常形成,但运动神经元丢失和运动缺陷在 21 天时变得明显。随后的肌肉萎缩和早期成人致死率也表现出人类 SMA 的中间形式。总之,我们的研究结果与 Smn 是神经肌肉维持所必需的解释一致,并建立 smnA6Tind27 斑马鱼突变体作为中间型 SMA 的新模型。由于该突变体允许研究晚期 Smn 损失对运动神经元、神经肌肉接头和疾病晚期肌肉的影响,因此它将成为测试针对治疗中间型 SMA 的新药的宝贵资源。随后的肌肉萎缩和早期成人致死率也表现出人类 SMA 的中间形式。总之,我们的研究结果与 Smn 是神经肌肉维持所必需的解释一致,并建立 smnA6Tind27 斑马鱼突变体作为中间型 SMA 的新模型。由于该突变体允许研究晚期 Smn 损失对运动神经元、神经肌肉接头和疾病晚期肌肉的影响,因此它将成为测试针对治疗中间型 SMA 的新药的宝贵资源。随后的肌肉萎缩和早期成人致死率也表现出人类 SMA 的中间形式。总之,我们的研究结果与 Smn 是神经肌肉维持所必需的解释一致,并建立 smnA6Tind27 斑马鱼突变体作为中间型 SMA 的新模型。由于该突变体允许研究晚期 Smn 损失对运动神经元、神经肌肉接头和疾病晚期肌肉的影响,因此它将成为测试针对治疗中间型 SMA 的新药的宝贵资源。并建立 smnA6Tind27 斑马鱼突变体作为中间型 SMA 的新模型。由于该突变体允许研究晚期 Smn 损失对运动神经元、神经肌肉接头和疾病晚期肌肉的影响,因此它将成为测试针对治疗中间型 SMA 的新药的宝贵资源。并建立 smnA6Tind27 斑马鱼突变体作为中间型 SMA 的新模型。由于该突变体允许研究晚期 Smn 损失对运动神经元、神经肌肉接头和疾病晚期肌肉的影响,因此它将成为测试针对治疗中间型 SMA 的新药的宝贵资源。
更新日期:2021-07-20
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