Abstract

Disruptive innovation is an invention that disrupts an existing market and creates a new one by providing a different set of values, which ultimately overtakes the existing market. Typically, when disruptive innovations are introduced, their performance is initially less than existing standard technologies, but because of their ability to bring the cost down, and with gradual improvement, they end up replacing established service standards.

Disruptive technologies have their fingerprints in health care. Pathology and laboratory medicine are fertile soils for disruptive innovations because they are heavily reliant on technology. Disruptive innovations have resulted in a revolution of our diagnostic ability and will take laboratory medicine to the next level of patient care. There are several examples of disruptive innovations in the clinical laboratory. Digitizing pathology practice is an example of disruptive technology, with many advantages and an extended scope of applications. Next-generation sequencing can be disruptive in two ways. The first is by replacing an array of laboratory tests, which each requires expensive and specialized instruments and expertise, with a single cost-effective technology. The second is by disrupting the current paradigm of the clinical laboratory as a diagnostic service by taking it into a new era of preventive or primary care pathology. Other disruptive innovations include the use of dry chemistry reagents in chemistry analyzers and also point of care testing. The use of artificial intelligence is another promising disruptive innovation that can transform the future of pathology and laboratory medicine. Another emerging disruptive concept is the integration of two fields of medicine to create an interrelated discipline such as “histogenomics and radiohistomics.” Another recent disruptive innovation in laboratory medicine is the use of social media in clinical practice, education, and publication.

There are multiple reasons to encourage disruptive innovations in the clinical laboratory, including the escalating cost of health care, the need for better accessibility of diagnostic care, and the increased demand on the laboratory in the era of precision diagnostics. There are, however, a number of challenges that need to be overcome such as the significant resistance to disruptive innovations by current technology providers and governmental regulatory bodies. The hesitance from health care providers and insurance companies must also be addressed.

Adoption of disruptive innovations requires a multifaceted approach that involves orchestrated solutions to key aspects of the process, including creating successful business models, multidisciplinary collaborations, and innovative accreditation and regulatory oversight. It also must be coupled with successful commercialization plans and modernization of health care structure. Fostering a culture of disruptive innovation requires establishing unique collaborative models between academia and industry. It also requires uncovering new sources of unconventional funding that are open to high-risk high-reward projects. It should also be matched with innovative thinking, including new approaches for delivery of care and identifying novel cohorts of patients who can benefit from disruptive technology.

摘要

颠覆性创新是一种通过提供一套不同的价值观来扰乱现有市场并创造新市场的发明，最终超越现有市场。通常，当引入颠覆性创新时，它们的性能最初不及现有的标准技术，但由于它们能够降低成本，并且随着逐步改进，它们最终会取代既定的服务标准。

颠覆性技术在医疗保健领域有着自己的烙印。病理学和实验室医学是颠覆性创新的沃土，因为它们严重依赖技术。颠覆性创新导致了我们诊断能力的革命，并将实验室医学提升到患者护理的新水平。临床实验室中有几个颠覆性创新的例子。数字化病理实践是颠覆性技术的一个例子，具有许多优势和扩展的应用范围。下一代测序可能会在两个方面造成破坏。第一种是用单一的具有成本效益的技术取代一系列实验室测试，每个测试都需要昂贵的专业仪器和专业知识。第二个是通过将临床实验室带入预防或初级保健病理学的新时代，打破当前临床实验室作为诊断服务的范式。其他颠覆性创新包括在化学分析仪中使用干化学试剂以及即时检测。人工智能的使用是另一种有前途的颠覆性创新，可以改变病理学和实验室医学的未来。另一个新兴的颠覆性概念是整合两个医学领域，以创建一个相互关联的学科，例如“组织基因组学和放射组织学”。最近实验室医学的另一项颠覆性创新是在临床实践、教育和出版中使用社交媒体。其他颠覆性创新包括在化学分析仪中使用干化学试剂以及即时检测。人工智能的使用是另一种有前途的颠覆性创新，可以改变病理学和实验室医学的未来。另一个新兴的颠覆性概念是整合两个医学领域，以创建一个相互关联的学科，例如“组织基因组学和放射组织学”。最近实验室医学的另一项颠覆性创新是在临床实践、教育和出版中使用社交媒体。其他颠覆性创新包括在化学分析仪中使用干化学试剂以及即时检测。人工智能的使用是另一种有前途的颠覆性创新，可以改变病理学和实验室医学的未来。另一个新兴的颠覆性概念是整合两个医学领域，以创建一个相互关联的学科，例如“组织基因组学和放射组织学”。最近实验室医学的另一项颠覆性创新是在临床实践、教育和出版中使用社交媒体。另一个新兴的颠覆性概念是整合两个医学领域，以创建一个相互关联的学科，例如“组织基因组学和放射组织学”。最近实验室医学的另一项颠覆性创新是在临床实践、教育和出版中使用社交媒体。另一个新兴的颠覆性概念是整合两个医学领域，以创建一个相互关联的学科，例如“组织基因组学和放射组织学”。最近实验室医学的另一项颠覆性创新是在临床实践、教育和出版中使用社交媒体。

鼓励临床实验室进行颠覆性创新的原因有很多，包括医疗保健成本不断上升、需要更好地获得诊断护理，以及在精准诊断时代对实验室的需求增加。然而，有许多挑战需要克服，例如当前技术提供商和政府监管机构对颠覆性创新的强烈抵制。还必须解决医疗保健提供者和保险公司的犹豫。

采用颠覆性创新需要多方面的方法，包括针对流程关键方面的协调解决方案，包括创建成功的商业模式、多学科合作以及创新认证和监管监督。它还必须与成功的商业化计划和医疗保健结构的现代化相结合。培养颠覆性创新文化需要在学术界和工业界之间建立独特的合作模式。它还需要发现对高风险高回报项目开放的非常规资金的新来源。它还应该与创新思维相匹配，包括提供护理的新方法和确定可以从颠覆性技术中受益的新患者群体。