While the individual effects of climate warming, nitrogen (N) deposition, and native plant diversity on plant invasion success are well studied, little is known about how they interact to influence this success. Here, we select invasive Solidago canadensis and four native plant species (Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Pennisetum alopecuroides, and Polygonum lapathifolium) to assemble five classes of plant communities, each of which is subject to one of the eight treatments consisting of warming and N-addition. Native plants benefit from warming or N-addition more than invasive S. canadensis, and this asymmetry causes warming or N-addition to decrease S. canadensis relative abundance. The inhibitory effect of N-addition on S. canadensis abundance is substantially enhanced by nighttime warming but not by daytime or diurnal warming. The abundance of S. canadensis varies with native plant identity rather than richness, and native plant identity and richness mediate the effects of warming and N-addition. These findings suggest that temperature- and N-dependent asymmetries in growth between invasive and native plants may comprise a mechanism underlying invasion success. This work implies that climate warming and N deposition both could decrease the success of invasive S. canadensis through enhancing invasion resistance, which is contrary to what is often thought.

虽然对气候变暖、氮 (N) 沉积和本地植物多样性对植物入侵成功的个体影响进行了深入研究，但人们对它们如何相互作用以影响这种成功知之甚少。在这里，我们选择侵入性加拿大一枝黄花和四种本地植物物种（血洋地黄、稗子、狼尾草和何首乌）来组装五类植物群落，每种植物群落都受到由变暖和氮组成的八种处理中的一种-添加。本土植物比入侵的加拿大 S. canadensis更能从变暖或 N-添加中受益，而这种不对称性导致变暖或 N-添加减少S. canadensis相对丰度。N-添加对S. canadensis丰度的抑制作用因夜间变暖而显着增强，但不会因白天或昼夜变暖而增强。S. canadensis的丰度随本地植物特性而不是丰富度而变化，本地植物特性和丰富度介导了变暖和氮添加的影响。这些发现表明，入侵植物和本地植物之间生长的温度和氮依赖性不对称可能是入侵成功的潜在机制。这项工作意味着气候变暖和氮沉降都可以通过增强入侵抵抗力来降低入侵加拿大的成功率，这与人们通常认为的相反。