Premonitory urges are a cardinal feature in Tourette syndrome (GTS) and are commonly viewed as a driving force of tics. However, inter-individual differences in experimentally measured urges, tics and urge-tic associations, as well as possible relations to clinical characteristics and abnormal perception-action processing recently demonstrated in these patients have not been investigated in detail. Here, we analyze the temporal associations between urges and tics in 21 adult patients with GTS including inter-individual differences and the relation of such associations with clinical measures and experimentally tested perception-action coupling.

At the group level, our results confirm known positive associations between subjective urges and tics, with increased tic frequency and tic intensity during periods of elevated urge. Inter-individual differences in the associations between urges and tics were, however, substantial. While most participants (57–66 % depending on the specific measure) showed positive associations as expected, several participants did not, and two even had negative associations with tic occurrence and intensity being reduced at times of increased urges. Subjective urge levels and tic occurrence correlated with corresponding clinical scores, providing converging evidence. Measures of the strength of urge-tic associations did not correlate with clinical measures nor the strength of perception-action coupling. Taken together, urge-tic associations in GTS are complex and heterogenous, casting doubt on the notion that tics are primarily driven by urges.

先兆性冲动是图雷特综合征 (GTS) 的一个主要特征，通常被视为抽动的驱动力。然而，尚未详细研究实验测量的冲动、抽动和冲动-抽动关联的个体差异，以及最近在这些患者中显示的与临床特征和异常感知-动作处理的可能关系。在这里，我们分析了 21 名 GTS 成年患者的冲动和抽动之间的时间关联，包括个体差异以及这种关联与临床测量和实验测试的感知-动作耦合的关系。

在小组层面，我们的结果证实了主观冲动和抽动之间已知的正相关，在冲动增加期间抽动频率和抽动强度增加。然而，冲动和抽动之间关联的个体差异是巨大的。虽然大多数参与者（57-66%，取决于具体措施）表现出预期的积极关联，但一些参与者没有，还有两个甚至与抽动发生和强度在冲动增加时降低的负面关联。主观冲动水平和抽动发生与相应的临床评分相关，提供了收敛证据​​。紧迫感关联强度的测量与临床测量和感知-动作耦合强度无关。综合起来，