The traction motor is the power source of the locomotive. If the surface waviness occurs on the races of the motor bearing, it will cause abnormal vibration and noise, accelerate fatigue and wear, and seriously affect the stability and safety of the traction power transmission. In this paper, an excitation model coupling the time-varying displacement and contact stiffness excitations is adopted to investigate the effect of the surface waviness of the motor bearing on the traction motor under the excitation from the locomotive-track coupled system. The detailed mechanical power transmission path and the internal/external excitations (e.g., wheel–rail interaction, gear mesh, and internal interactions of the rolling bearing) of the locomotive are comprehensively considered to provide accurate dynamic loads for the traction motor. Effects of the wavenumber and amplitude of the surface waviness on the traction motor and its neighbor components of the locomotive are investigated. The results indicate that controlling the amplitude of the waviness and avoiding the wavenumber being an integer multiple of the number of the rollers are helpful for reducing the abnormal vibration and noise of the traction motor.

牵引电机是机车的动力源。如果电机轴承座圈出现表面波纹，会引起异常振动和噪音，加速疲劳和磨损，严重影响牵引动力传递的稳定性和安全性。本文采用耦合时变位移和接触刚度激励的激励模型来研究在机车轨道耦合系统激励下电机轴承表面波纹度对牵引电机的影响。综合考虑机车详细的机械动力传递路径和内外激励（如轮轨相互作用、齿轮啮合、滚动轴承内部相互作用），为牵引电机提供准确的动态载荷。研究了表面波纹的波数和幅度对牵引电机及其邻近部件的影响。结果表明，控制波幅的幅度，避免波数为滚轮数的整数倍，有利于降低牵引电机的异常振动和噪声。